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Legal explanations - Law terms Category: Legal Date & country: 25/02/2010, SG Words: 2570

Valuable Consideration
(n) For a valid agreement between two parties a consideration is required. It can be money, materials or performance quantifiable in money's worth. Such consideration passed from one party to the other under an agreement enforceable by law is called as valuable consideration

Variance
(n) Variance is the variation or excess from the limit authorized governmental authorities like zoning body, city council . Zoning ordinance may limit the construction outside the accepted limits of city or other within the limited boundaries of the property..

Vehicular Manslaughter
(n) Vehicular manslaughter is the term used when somebody drives an automobile with gross negligence and neglecting the law of land, which may or may not result in the death of a third party. In the eyes of low vehicular man-slaughter is treated as misconduct.

Vendee
(n) A merchant or individual who purchases any goods or assets by an agreement paying the value or monetary consideration and taking the possession and ownership is called vendee.

Vendor
(n) A merchant or a person who sells a merchandisable property, product or goods is called a vendor. Vendor sells the product for a price to the buyer there by transferring his rights on the property. Though it holds for all sales, the term was commonly used to represent property vendors.

Venire
(n) The law of the state require the eligible jurors to be listed. It permits the selection of the jury from this list. Such a list containing the names of the jurors are named as 'Venire'

Venue
(n). Venue is the place where the proceedings are officially conducted. Venue is fixed considering convenience of the place. For conducting trials, venue is arranged within the judicial district. Certain provisions of law limits the area where the venue must be fixed.

Verdict
(n) Verdict is the official proclamation of decision by the jury after the trial is completed. A verdict is an enforceable decision subject to the remedies available in the statute. A judgment by judge need not be always a verdict

Verification
(n) Verification is the process by which the author of the document or statement attests its correctness and authenticity by virtue of affixing his signature. It is done at the end of the statement or document duly dated. Verification may sometime required to be witnessed.

Vest
(v) Vesting is the process by which a right on any assets, income or receivable is transferred to another person unconditionally. By vesting the property the ownership is transferred to the new person. Vested person can draw benefit from the right or property

Vested
(adj). Vested means confirmed. When a property, right or title is confirmed an any person by an act, order , succession or by any proceedings of the law, he is said to hold a vested right in the property, asset or right

Vested Remainder
(n) When a deed or trust is entered, the right to own and get benefited from that property can be limited for a particular period of time or happening of the events. If the trustier wishes so he can assign the right on the property, after such events, to be went to any other person. They are termed as vested remainder. For example if a trust is for...

Vexatious Litigation
(v) Vexatious law suits are the unsustainable law suits filed, appealed and continued with an intention to trouble, annoy or otherwise put the defendant in to difficulty with or with out an intention to delay the process there by taking advantage of continued state of affaires and possible withdrawal of the claim by the defendant

Vicarious Liability
(n). A vicarious liability can be defined as the liability created by an action or non action by a person, working on behalf of him when he is responsible for all the action or inaction of such person within the limits of their association. So when an employee or worker cause a loss to somebody in the normal course of his duty then the employer wil...

Vigilante
(n). A Vigilantee is an unauthorized person who conduct a trial on the accused persons with or without collecting evidences or ascertaining the truth and confer punishment to the accused considering the depth of crime involved. A Vigilantee is not legally authorized person to do such trials and order punishments. They get the authority from social ...

Visa
A passport stamp or document that authorizes the passport-holder to enter a country for specific purposes for a particular time period.

Viz
(prep) Viz is the proposition used to details a certain class. This is used to explain the general nature of a particular term without exclusively diminishing or limiting its scope. When a list is given they are definitely included in its meaning as well as similar non reported items may also exist.

Void
(Adj) A law, agreement, ruling or order is said to void when it is not enforceable by any event stopping its implementation. It can become void by intervention of a higher authority or when it is against the constitution or other statutory provisions. An order becomes void when it is impractical to follow it. A contract can become void when it is e...

Void For Vagueness
(Adj) When a law, rule, contract or order is passed or signed, without clearly enforceable terms and if it cannot be enforced on the party with reasonable clarity, then such law, rule contract or order etc. shall become void and are treated as Void for Vagenes.

Voidable
(Adj) A voidable contract or rule or agreement is the one which is not automatically void but an affected party or authorized person can declare it void at a later stage. So unless it is declared void it is enforceable. A voidable contract gives an option to the parties effected to convert it as void or not.

Voir Dire
(v) Voir dire is the opportunity to examine the jurors before their appointment as regards to their integrity and balanced approach. Voir dire means to see the person and talk to him personally with a purpose to evaluate him. Jurors are interviewed by judges and attorneys before assigning the case to them.

Voluntary Bankruptcy
(n). When the assets of a person is estimated to be insufficient to pay off his liabilities and the person is not in a position to clear his accrued liability, creditors can move to the court to attach the property for getting their payments after declaring him as bankrupt. If the person himself find incapable of meeting his liability he can move t...

Voting Trust
(n) Voting trust is the collection of proxies to form a unified opinion enough to move a resolution in the shareholders meeting or getting any particular persons to be appointed as director in such meeting. Voting trust is a trust of voting rights entrusted with somebody. Usually promoter groups forms voting trust to safeguard their interest and co...

Waive
(v) Waive is the voluntary act of relinquishing any right. Any intentional act of doing or not doing some thing to enforce his right, title, authority, hold or control otherwise can be considered as waive. For example settling the dues by accepting principal amount and waive the interest due on it.

Waiver
(n) Waiver the process of giving up any right on anything with a voluntary action or non action. Waiver of a right can be temporary or permanent nature. For example if rent is waived for one month by refusing to accept, it does not mean rent is waived for ever. Where a settlement is accepted and document exchanged as token the waiver can be permane...

Wanton
(adj) An action is classified as 'wanton' when it was executed with gross negligence disregarding the safety and security of the public and property or social existence etc . For example carrying gunpowder or crackers carelessly in a market place, walking nude etc.

Ward
(n) A ward is an individual who's responsibility is assigned to another person by a court of law for proper upkeep and care. Generally this is the term used to represent kids, who are not properly maintained by their parents or those who are diverted to crime and illegal activities, ordered by the court to be lived under a guardian appointed by the...

Warrant
(n) Warrant is the written document issued by a court or legally authorized person authorizing a law executive authority to stop or retain a person by arresting his movements or to enter into the premises of a person with an intention to arrest the person or collect evidences from there. A warrant is issued when the authority apprehend that the con...

Warranty
(n) A warranty is a written statement agreeing to maintain the said property in good working condition for the period mentioned in the warranty agreement. It indirectly shows the worthiness and utility of the product or goods as only when the goods are good quality producers will undertake its upkeep for certain period. A warranty can some time be ...

Warranty Deed
(n) A warranty deed is the document containing the conditions and terms of warranty issued by the owner to the buyer. It guarantees the seller about title, contents, composition of the goods. It is specifically used when a property is transferred.

Wash Sale
"A security's purchase and sale either within a short period of time (typically thirty days) or simultaneously. If a wash sale occurs, the taxpayer cannot deduct any capital losses on the sale. Instead, the loss is added to the basis of similar securities that were recently purchased.

Waste
(n) When a tenant, during the course of usage of the property rented to him causes any damage or loss to the property, where by there is a reduction in value of that property to the owner, such loss or damages caused to the property is defined as waste. As a remedy the landlord can terminate the lease agreement to safeguards his interests. He can a...

Watered Stock
(n) When a joint stock company or corporation issues its stock for a consideration higher than the book value of such stock in the accounts of the establishment as on the date of transfer, such stock of shares are called watered stock. It is irrelevant of the market price of the stock

Weight Of Evidence
(n) Weight of evidence is the relative importance of the evidence produced by one side of the case as against the relevance of the evidences produced by the other party of the suit. For example plaintiff produces a witnesses said to be seen the crime done by the defended at that time, where as the defended produced documental evidence proving that ...

Wet Reckless
(n) Wet reckless is the ground in which a person gets relief from serious punishment pleading that his blood alcohol level when he was caught was just crossing the limit set by law and no accident or damage was caused by him due to drunk driving . Further he is not involved in any criminal case in the past.

Whiplash
(n) When a moving person is suddenly stopped or hit from behind the sudden change in momentum of the person will cause immediate forward movement followed by a backward retaliation. The upper part of the sitting person will be snapped forward and backward (if not fallen forward by then) causing injury to head, neck or back. Such injury is termed as...

White Collar Crime
(n) In any crime it will be apparent that someone is doing a crime like beating, killing or pick pocketing etc. When a normal act with no apparent reason to believe there is an element of a crime involved in it, is done with a motive to do crime, such acts are called white collar crime. For example selling some item which he knows is going to be ba...

Widow
(n) A widow is the women whose husband died during the existence of their marriage life and, she is not married again. For limited purpose of law, a women is called as widow when referring to her late husband for succession etc irrespective of whether she is re-married or not. Some cases consider a women as widow even though the dead person is her ...

Widow's Election
(n) The law of succession prevailing in the states entitle the widow of the deceased husband certain rights on the property of the deceased man. If the husband has executed a legally enforceable will, she is also entitled to succeed the deceased man's property as per the will. Widows election gives a choice to the widow to select one of the choices...

Widower
(n) A widower is a man whose wife was dead during the tenancy of their married life and he continue to be unmarried after her death. Two conditions make a person to be legally treated as widoer.1) There exists a legally enforceable marriage relationship at the time of wife's death 2)He has not re-married.

Will
(n) A will is a written document executed by a person detailing his wishes how his estate to be dealt after his death. In order to be legally enforceable, it must be executed with a free consent with out any external influences. A will can be cancelled or replaced by another will by the person during his life

Will Contest
(v) A will is a willful recording of the wishes of the deceased person declaring the methods how his property is to be dealt after his death. To be legally binding, such a document must have executed voluntarily with his full presence of mind . If it was made under any influence like coercion, alcohol, lunatic stage etc they are not enforceable and...

Willful
(adj) This adjective is used to represent an intentional action or non action with full presence of mind knowing all consequences of such action or non action. Normally it is used to represent an act or non action with a motive to do a crime.

Willfully
(adj) An act or specifically a crime done intentially with a motive, knowing the consequences of such action is considered as an act done willfully. So to make it a willfully done act it must have done with an intention to achieve the events or crime ought to happen. So if a dog was injured when a paper weight was slipped form someone's hand cannot...

Wind Up
(v) Wind up is used to represent the ending of all activities of a corporation or an association of persons. For example wind up the expedition due to bad weather and Wind up manufacturing section of a company etc. It is specifically used to represent the closure of activities of a corporation or association of persons so that its assets and liabil...

Winding Up
(n) Winding up is the process by which the normal activities of the corporation or association of person is stopped and the assets and liabilities of the association is assessed and distributed among the shareholders as per the existing agreement. On winding up the organization cease to be a going concern. The owners are eligible to get the share o...

Wiretap
(n) Wiretap is the unauthorized tapping of telephone line with an intention to overhear the communication between two persons. Court by an order allows law enforcement officers to wiretap the communication for stopping criminal activities.

With Prejudice
"If a lawsuit is dismissed "with prejudice," the plaintiff is barred from brining another lawsuit on the same claim or cause.

Withdrawal
(n) When someone is involved or participated in the planning and preparatory stage of a crime, whether knowingly or unknowingly, and depart from that act, conspiracy or crime, before actual execution of the act or crime, either by knowing the real intention and effect of the crime or otherwise , such departure is named as withdrawal

Witness
(n) A witness is a person used in a law proceeding to verify the correctness of the arguments or testify the correctness of the findings of the case, or provide evidences leading to make a conclusion after testifying himself by an oath. The testimony given by the witness is used to ascertain the facts considering its merit and relative weight

Witness Stand
(n) A witness stand is box in a court room, usually placed at the side of the judge where the witness testifies under an oath and provides testimony. The jurors cross examine the witness when they stand in witness stand after taking oath. A judge may also records his finding after verifying the witness on witness stand

Words Of Art
(n) Words of Art are defined as the words or phrases or language used by any group with a particular meaning as communicated within them, which have no sense or meaning to other peoples. Such words may not have a commonly accepted meaning. An example is 'Rx' used by doctors

Work For Hire
"Work performed while under contract to an employer. In such instances, the employer is considered the work's creator and owns the copyright to the work.

Work Product
(n) During preparatory stage an attorney gathers information about the cases and legal implications of the case. He records his finding , opinions, case history of similar cases, expert views on law points, notes and reports of conversation with his clients and witness and all information collected for the purpose of the trial. These recorded docum...

Workers Compensation
"State law system that issues cash payments an provides medical care, regardless of fault, to employees who are injured or disabled during the course of their employment. State law requires the benefits be paid.

Workers' Compensation Acts
(n) Workers compensation act is the statutes which protects an employee from accidents, injuries or work related illness occurred to him. This statute confirms a liability on the employer to compensate an employee by way of insurance or otherwise for all work related losses whether or not due to the negligence of the employer.

World Court
(n) World court is an organization under UNO established to settle the disputes of member nations. Normally cases involving more than one country is referred to this court for amicable solution. Though UN charter has got power to implement the decision, it is basically working on consensus and agreement to accept the verdict.

Writ
(n) A writ is the written order issued by a judge usually before the proclamation of judgment or ruling , directing a person or entity to perform certain act or abstain from doing certain acts till such pendency of the writ.

Writ Of Attachment
(n) A writ of attachment is a written order issued by a court, authorizing and directing a law enforcing officer to attach specified properties of persons or entity against whom the writ was given

Writ Of Coram Nobis
(n) When an upper court consider certain facts which are not considered by the lower court in an appeal filed against its order, where in the appeal court reaches a different opinion than that of the subordinate court such recording of the opinion and the writ order is known as writ of coram nobis, meaning noted by the judges present

Writ Of Execution
(n) A writ of execution is the written order issued by the law enforcing officer to enforce the judgment of the court the way the court orders. For example a judge may issue a writ of execution directing the sheriff or local authority to attach the property of the defendant to recover the dues as per the judgment

Writ Of Mandate
(n) Writ of mandate popularly known as mandamus is defined as the order issued by a court to a statutory authority including subordinate courts directing them to rectify the abnormalities in their order or abstaining from implementing them.

Wrongful Death
(n) When somebody dies in consequences of a wrongful act a person, either by negligence or by a deliberate act, such death is called wrongful death. The intention of the wrongdoer is not relevant to make a death a wrongful death. So any unnatural death occurred as a consequence of somebody's act is called as wrongful death

Wrongful Termination
(n) When an employee is terminated from his services without adequate reasons warranting such termination or terminated against the standing rules of the organization and law of land or the agreement having with the employee in force, then such terminations are called wrongful termination. In such cases the employee can sue the employer for reinsta...

Yellow Dog Contract
Illegal contract where an employee agrees not to joking a labor union.

Your Honor
(n) The word honorable is prefixed while saluting statutory authorities when they are called by their designation denoting their importance like Honorable king of... etc. So judge of a court is saluted as honorable judge. Hence in oral representation a judge was addressed as "Your honor" giving due respect to his statutory authority.

Youthful Offenders
(n) The term youthful offender is used to represent the age of the crime doers. Many states consider the offences done by minors with a lenient view where by the punishments are pronounced with an intention to correct them. Such minors who are under the age of 18 or the limit set by law prevailing in that state who has committed a crime is called y...

Zero Coupon Bond
A bond that is purchased at a discount and does not issue interest payments. Zero coupon bonds are redeemed at its face value on its maturity date.

Zoning
(v) Zoning is the classification of land usually a city land as per the development plan of that area. Zoning is used for easily identifying the areas where the proposed activities are permitted. Usually zoning of the land is done under various sectors like industrial land zone, Commercial land zone, residential land zone, agricultural land zone et...

Zoning Laws
"Laws issued by local governments to regulate the size, type, structure, and use of land or building in designated areas. These laws divide the cities into district areas according to use. For instance, single-family homes, commercial establishments, and industrial plants.