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Legal explanations - Law terms Category: Legal Date & country: 25/02/2010, SG Words: 2570

Recidivist
(n) Recidvist is the person who repeats same sort of criminal activities even after he is punished for such criminal activities previously. Recidivist gets severe punishment because he is resorting to such activity with full knowledge of its repercussion

Reciprocal Discovery
(n) A reciprocal discovery is the exchange of facts, arguments and evidences on which each side relies up on in pursuing the legal proceedings. This gives a reasonable picture of the opponents stand while preparing for the proceedings.

Reciprocity
(n) Reciprocity is defined as the exchange or bilateral acceptance of privileges between nations, states, associations or individuals. For example when there is a reciprocity exists between two countries tax paid on one country is not subjected to tax again on the other country.

Reckless
(Adj) An action is said to be reckless when it is done knowingly disregarding the consequences. For example speeding the vehicle near school compounds where kids are expected to cross road etc.

Reckless Disregard
(n) the phrase Reckless disregard is used to represent utmost stage of negligence in doing anything with a mentality of disregarding the existence of the society and its well being.

Reckless Driving
(n) Driving a vehicle in a precarious manner without paying attention to circumstances prevailing there and the rules in force totally disregarding the possible consequences of such driving with or without his full presence of mind is termed as reckless driving.

Reconveyance
(n) Reconveyence is the process by which a title to a property held by a person as trustee or mortgage is returned to the owner on his request , up on the fulfillment of conditions for which such title was assigned to him

Record
(v) Record is the action by which a document is entered officially into the designated records of the County Recorder of Records. The recording date has precedence over the document dates

Recording
Having one's ownership of real property officially recognized by notifying the county registry of the purchase of real estate.

Recording Acts
(n) Recording Acts are the Act which empowers the County recorder or recorder of deeds to maintain the record of deeds as per the provisions governing such recordings

Records
(n) Records is defined as the written documents containing information about an event, action, observation, assessment or other representation maintained in an orderly method.

Recoupment
(n) Recoupment is the recovery of amount due to a person, by deducting the same from the amount due, decreed to pay or otherwise become payable, to the other party. In a way it is settling of the admitted claim by paying the balance or difference.

Recourse
(n) Recourse is the option, remedy or right a person holding a cheque, bill of exchange, Demand note, promissory note or other financial instruments have on the issuer of such instruments, to demand payment against such documents

Recover
(v) Recover is the action by which a person satisfies his deprived rights either by return of the article or items or by paying equivalent compensation

Recoverable
(Adj) Recoverable is the amount a person is entitled to claim by way of his legitimate right. For example if a property is pledged with a person, in the event of failure he can recover the amount due to him only. The balance if any will goes to the owner.

Recovery
(n) Recovery is the monetary compensation received by a person against his legitimate dues either by a legal procedure or by other methods of effectuating the demand. Example recovery of the amount due by selling the pledged property

Recusal
(n) Recusal is change of a judge or prosecutor voluntarily or otherwise, from a legal case due to a conflict of interest or for any reason by which he cannot fairly involve in the proceedings of the case. For example a prosecutor stepping down from offending a party where in another case he is acting for him.

Recuse
(v) Recuse is act by which a judge or prosecutor refuses to hear the case or present the case, when his interests are conflicted in the case barring him from a neutral stand, and when one of the party requests for change of such judge or prosecutor

Red Herring
A legal issue or fact that does not have anything to do with the case at hand.

Redaction
The process of removing or masking unwanted or sensitive areas of a document prior to showing it to others.

Redeem
(v) Redeem is the act by which a property, article, right etc sold, issued, mortgaged or otherwise transferred to a person is taken back by re-purchasing, clearing the liabilities or paying the consideration etc.

Redemption
(n) Redemption is the process by which a property, article, right etc sold, issued, mortgaged or otherwise transferred to a person is taken back by re-purchasing, clearing the liabilities or paying the consideration etc as may be required to get the possession back

Reentry
(n) The 'Reentry' is used to represent the stage when the owner, who has rented or otherwise transferred the possession of property take back the possession by exercising his legitimate rights. For example a landlord taking back his rented property when the tenant fails to pay rent

Referee
(n) A referee is the person who was appointed by a court to study any particular aspects of the case referred to him and report to the court his or her finding. For example an auditor was appointed to study, collect evidence and report about the correctness of accounts of the subject matter of the case

Referendum
(n) Referendum is defined as the placing of an issue, existing or proposed statute, proposal or action etc., to be voted upon by the public, with an intention to collect the opinion about such action or proposals, to decide up on its implementation or continuance

Reformation
(n) A reformation is a petition forwarded to a court requesting it a sanction to correct or change an existing document when an unintended error or a wording contrary to the spirit of the document etc. appears in such documents

Refresh One's Memory
(V) The phrase Refresh one's memory is the action by which a witness is assisted to recapitulate his memory about an event by providing documents, exhibits, prior testimony of himself or others etc that are connected to the event

Refugee
(n) Refugee is the person who has fled form his native country for reasons of political or natural unrest, war, starvation, threat of prosecution etc., to another sovereign with an intention to permanently settle there or getting citizenship or asylum.

Register
(n) Register is the document recording the events for which such records are maintained, in a chronological order of reporting of such documents for registration with a purpose to authenticate the event and evidencing them for future references

Registration Statement
(n) Registration statement is the report filed by a body corporate, containing details about its proposed issue of shares by advertising and offering them to the general public, which require approval of the securities and exchange commission.

Registry Of Deeds
(n) Registry of Deeds is the record of land title documents containing records of all deeds requiring registration with the Country recorder or Recorder of Deeds.

Regulations
(n) Regulations are the rules, procedure, administrative codes etc. set by authorities or governmental agencies to achieve its objective. The regulations are therefore applicable only within the jurisdiction or purpose for which such regulation are made

Rehearing
(n) A Rehearing is the conductance of a second hearing of a case, upon the petition or request made by a party to the suit, on a new ground discovered later which has relevance to the hearing already done.

Rejection Of Claim
(n) Rejection of Claim is the written denial of a claim by the administrator or executor of the property of a deceased person, rejecting the claim forwarded by a person against the estates of a deceased person.,

Release
(v) release is defined as the action by which a person is relieved of his obligation, liabilities, botheration or bondage of any sort falls up on him either by legal, customary or contractual obligations

Release On One's Own Recognizance
(v) Release on ones own recognizance is the action taking by a judge releasing a criminal defended until the commencement of trial considering his past history, employment, social status, type of crime, situation of crime etc

Relevancy
(n) Relevency is used to denote the significance or appropriateness of an issue, action, incident etc to the subject matter of consideration

Relevant
(Adj) The word relevant is used to represent a connection, association, significance or material value the event, incident documents have on the subject matter under consideration

Reliance
(n) Reliance is the dependence on somebody's assurance, promises statements, clime etc in doing some thing, taking any action or in decision making etc. For example reliance on the quality assurance given by the dealer.

Reliction
(n) Reliction is the slow draining of water level in a property resulting in clearance of additional dry land.

Relief
(N) Relief is the full or partial benefit, whether monetary or otherwise sanctioned by an order of a judge in a law suit or by an authority on an application, to compensate for the loss incurred to him. For example an employee getting compensation for his loss employment

Remainder
(n) Remainder is the interest in a property on the conclusion of the existing interest in that property. Example: If a trust is formed by placing his aged mother as beneficiary with containing a provision that the property will revert back to him on her death then the executioner of the trust is possessing remainder interest in such property

Remainderman
(n) Remainder man is the person who is eligible to get the interest in a property or right after the conclusion of the existing terms. For example if the pension benefits are assigned to the spouse after death, the spouse is the remainderman

Remand
(v) Remand is defined as returning to the lower authority for further action like re-trial, questioning, evidencing, witnessing etc. For example upper court remanding the case to trial court for revision of decision. Judge remanding an accused to the police custody

Remedy
(n) Remedy is the solution for any illegality occurred to a person by compensating such losses, damage, defects sufferings etc. Remedy can be granted by external involvements like intervention through court or authorities or attained by mutual agreements

Remise
(v) Remise is the action by which a person give up his right, authority, possession, claim, interest etc owned by him on any property, agreement, deed, business etc specified

Remittitur
(n) Remttitur is the order by which a judge limits the scope of the order issued by a jury or lower court to the extend of the prayers or requests made by the plaintiff. For example when a plaintiff asks for interest @3% and the jury awards interest based on the rules existing which is at a higher rate than demanded by the plaintiff, a remittitur c...

Remote
(Adj) The adjective Remote is used to represent the distance between the issue and the reason where by highlighting the immateriality or rarest chances of its relationship. For example there is a remote chance of a death due to sunstroke during winter.

Removal
(n) Removal is the change of legal proceedings from one court or venue to another court or venue based on a motion forwarded by a party to the dispute, after considering the advantages of the new court or venue.

Renewal
(n) Renewal is the extension of time or period of its existence to a future date of any agreement, lease, coverage, protection, services, contracts by maintaining the existing arrangements.

Rent
(V) Rent is the action by which the utility or benefits out of any article, property are passed on to another person for a specified compensation either for a limited period or for ever as the parties concerned may decide. Here the ownership lies with the owner and possession with the renter

Rent Control
Legal restriction that sets how often and how much property rent can be raised.

Rental Value
(v) Rental value is defined as the amount the property is eligible to get had it been rented out as per the prevailing situations existing in that place for similar property.

Renunciation
(n) Renunciation is the waiving, discarding or otherwise abstaining from any right, offers, authority, participation, involvement to be happened in future

Reorganization
(n) Reorganization is the restructuring of a corporation with an intention to continue the operations in an effective way by changing the constitution of the organization, ownership pattern, management structure etc.

Repair
(v) Repair is process by which an article is restored to its previous working conditions either by changing torn parts, replacing malfunctioning parts etc without increasing the capacity as a whole

Repeal
(V) Repeal is the process of negating an order, law, statute etc as per the provisions contained in the statue to withdraw such a law, order etc to make it ineffective. So every ACT contains a provision for repealing earlier acts to avoid conflicting provisions

Replevin
(N) Replevin is the right to resort legal steps for recovery of goods, articles or properties illegitimately seized by somebody without his permission

Reply Brief
(n) Reply Brief is the written statement containing briefs of the case explaining his legal stand in the trial court which he won, filed by the person against whom an appeal was filed in the appellant court

Reports
(n) Reports are the public decisions of the appellant courts that are updated chronologically to be used for references purposes

Repossess
(v) Reposses is the taking back of possession of an article or property by foreclosing the conditions by which the possession was passed on to another person with or without a judicial intervention

Repossession
(n) Re possession is taking back the possession of a property or articles transferred to another person, by canceling the contract and agreement by which such transfer was made. For example when the buyer failed to pay the price in time seller took back the goods sold

Represent
(V) Represent is the action by which a person legitimately appear before an authority or for an event on behalf of some other person, as his authorized substitute

Representation
(N) Representation is the action by which a person substitute another person to do any act on behalf of him for which he was authorized by assuming responsibility for the actions of the representative

Representative
(n) A representative is the person who is entitled to represent another person by an authority or approval from him to act on behalf of the person who deputed him, to execute the functions for which he was authorized

Reprieve
(n) A reprive is the executive order issued by the Governor of the state delaying death sentence awarded to a person. A reprive is issued when the penalty cannot be reduced in the present scenario but a reconsideration of the case is required

Repudiation
(n) Repudication is the breach of conditions or obligations existing as per a contract or agreement entered by a person thereby denying the existence of the contract or with a purpose to foil the execution of the contract

Reputation
(n) Reputation is the measure of a persons social status with regards to the society by virtue of his position, honor, reputation, impression etc. Reputation is the criteria used in deciding defamatory suits. Reputation or social stands also render chances of getting benefits of doubts in a trial

Reputed
(Adj) the word 'Reputed' is used to represent the general acceptance of a person or entity created in public mind by their historical stands and actions

Request
(v) Request is the action by which a person ask another person possessing or holding something or a higher authority specially a judge, some relief, sanction, order etc coming under his prevail

Request For Permission
"Courtroom procedure where one party requests that the opposition admits to certain facts' validity. For purposes of the case at hand, the facts are then assumed to be true if the party admits their validity or does not respond in a timely fashion.

Requirements Contract
(n) A requirement contract is an agreement between a supplier and a buyer where in the supplier agree to supply the goods required by the buyer and the buyer agree to source or buy the goods he require from this supplier only

Res
(n) The word 'Res' is used to represent an item, material, article, appeal, suit, action or event which can be identified as unique to be called as a separate entity or event. The Latin word means 'thing' use to substitute a name

Res Adjudicata
(n) Res adjudicata is used to represent a legal suit or case which has be already adjudicated or decided by the court by completing all the legal procedure and the judge issuing his verdict on it

Res Gestae
(n) Res Guestae is the things that are immediately connected with happening of an event, an action etc including the circumstances, situation, immediate responses , statements etc which has close relevance to the occurrence of that event or action

Res Ipsa Loquitur
(n) Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquiter state that things speak for itself. This doctrine is based on the presumption that one is negligent when he has total control over the situation and hence situation will talk for itself

Res Judicata
(n) Res judicate is used to represent a legal case, proceedings, petitions etc, which has been undergone legal process and a judicial order is already issued on the same matter

Resale
(n) Re-sale is the sale of an article, goods or merchandise which one has bought with an intention to sell it to another person

Rescind
(v) Rescind is defined as the action by which the parties to an agreement or contract decides to stop furtherance of the agreement or contract by a mutual agreement whereby the position prior to the signing of the agreement is restored

Rescission
(n) Rescission is the mutual agreement between the partied to an agreement or contract, deciding to nullify, cancel or otherwise terminate the agreement entered among them and restore the position prior to that agreement

Rescue Doctrine
(n) Doctrine of rescue holds the wrongdoer who was instrumental to the damages or injury occurred to a property or person, as responsible for subsequent loss, damages or injury occurred to the persons and items used for rescue operations connected with the first incident

Reservation
(n) Reservation is separation or keeping aside of a portion of the right, benefits etc for specific purpose there by the general rule, conditions etc applied to the whole part will not be effective to the reserved portion. For example in a will it is said the royalty income is reserved for charity, then the succession rules or conditions applied to...

Reserve
(v) Reserve is the action by which a portion of the property is en-marked for a special purpose and separated from the rest of the property while effecting any conveyance, assignments or other restructurings

Reserve Fund
(n) A reserve fund is the money en-marked or kept apart for attaining specific goals in future as and when it occurs so that the event can be met without difficulty. For example housing cooperatives society maintains reserve fund for repairs, corporation maintains reserve fund for debenture redemption etc so that when it is actually required to do ...

Residence
(n) Residence is the place where an individual makes his home for his convenience and normal living where he can be traced, located, identified for all legal and contractual obligations, whether or not it is owned by him or he is a permanently dwelling there.

Resident
(n) Resident is the person who is residing at that place because of his residence, inheritance, employment, citizenship etc which makes him resident of that place

Residuary Beneficiary
"After the estate has been dispensed to the legal heirs, the individual who receives whatever remains from the estate.

Residuary Bequest
(n) Residuary Bequest is left over, or residuary property remaining in the estate of a deceased person after all the special gifts notified in the will were made.

Residue
(n) Residue is the left over, or residual property remaining in the estate of a deceased person after all the specific gifts notified in the will were made and there is no further wishes contained in the will to be satisfied

Resisting Arrest
(n) Resisting arrest is the action by which a person directly or indirectly try to avoid arrest by using physical force. So running away amounts to resisting arrest where as demanding clear arrest warrant cannot be called as resisting arrest warrant

Resolution
(n) A resolution is the statement, decision taken in an officially convened body, accepted by the members or majority of the members requiring its approval present in that meeting, which is binding on the body as a whole

Respondeat Superior
(n) Doctrine of Respondent superior implies the responsibility of the superiors on the actions done by their employees, agents, subordinates etc when they are doing such actions during their assigned duties. So when an accident happens while handling an explosive involved in the work assigned to such person, The master is responsible for such loss....

Respondent
(n) Respondent is the persons against whom a suit, case or appeal is filed in a court who in turn is required to answer , or act according to the directions issued by the court till conclusion of the legal proceedings

Responsible
(Adj) The adjective 'responsible' is used to represent a person or entity who is legitimately in control of something bestowed upon him or it by virtue of any right and who is accountable for its upkeep and normalcy

Restatement Of The Law
(n) Restatement of the law is the endeavor undertaken by American Law institute whereby the basic laws of United States on variety of subjects are compiled, updated and re-stated mainly for reference purposes

Restitution
(n)Resitution is the making good of loss or damages occurred to the plaintiff by returning the property or by compensating the loss with its financial worth as per the a judgment, mutual understanding or by an agreement etc

Restraining Order
(n) Restraining order is the order issued to maintain status quo by prohibiting a party from doing any action or proposed action until further orders. For example a court issuing a restraining order prohibiting further development in a disputed property until the dispute is settled

Restraint Of Trade
(n) Restraint Of Trade is an activity which limits the scope of trade or commerce with an intention to restrict free trade or commercial practice thereby eliminating the growth of healthy competition. For example an agreement between a seller and buyer by which seller agree not sell goods to anybody else than the buyer or his associates.

Restraint On Alienation
(n) Restraint Of Alienation is the conditions contained in a deed, will or agreement of transferring the rights in a property, which prohibits the sale or otherwise transfer of such property for ever or for an un unrealistically long period.

Restriction
(n) Restriction is the limitations imposed, in doing any activity, by virtue of a statute, regulation, provisions in the byelaws or similar statues of the concern, or provisions contained in a contract or an agreement between the parties etc.