Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Zaleski test
(for carbon monoxide in blood) to 2 mL of blood add an equal volume of water and 3 drops of a one-third saturated solution of cupric sulfate: if carbon monoxide is present, the precipitate is brick-red; otherwise it is greenish brown.

zanamivir
(zә-nam´ĭ-vir) an inhibitor of viral neuraminidase used for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A and influenza B; administered by inhalation.

Zander cells
bladder cells.

Zanosar
(zan´o-sahr) trademark for preparations of streptozocin, an antitumor antibiotic.

Zarontin
(zә-ron´tin) trademark for preparations of ethosuximide, an anticonvulsant.

Zaroxolyn
(zә-rok´so-lin) trademark for a preparation of metolazone, a diuretic.

zebra body
concentric, laminated, cytoplasmic inclusions of Schwann cells, occurring singly or in clusters, as a result of degeneration phenomena.

Zeisel test
(for colchicine) the substance being analyzed is dissolved in hydrochloric acid, boiled with ferric chloride, and shaken with chloroform; if colchicine is present, a brown or dark-red layer will form at the bottom.

Zellweger syndrome
(zel´weg-әr) an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by a prominent forehead, large anterior fontanelle, poor muscle tone, enlarged liver, polycystic kidneys, jaundice, and often calcifications in the cartilaginous ends of long bones. Most affected children die in early infancy. Called also...

Zenapax
(zen´ә-paks) trademark for a preparation of daclizumab, an immunosuppressant used after kidney transplantation.

Zenker degeneration
Zenker necrosis hyaline degeneration and necrosis of striated muscle.

Zephiran
(zef´ĭ-rәn) trademark for preparations of benzalkonium chloride, a topical antiseptic.

zero
(ze´ro) the absence of all quantity or magnitude; naught. the point on a thermometer scale at which the graduations begin. The zero of the Celsius (centigrade) scale is the ice point; on the Fahrenheit scale it is 32 degrees below the ice point. absolute zero the lowes...

zero balance
a state in which the amount of water or an electrolyte excreted from the body is exactly equal to that ingested; see equilibrium (def. 1).

zeta sedimentation ratio
(ZSR) a measurement comparable to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, except that it is unaffected by anemia. The packed-cell volume (zetacrit) of a blood specimens is calculated by centrifuging the specimen in a Zetafuge, a specially designed instrument that produces controlled cycles of compaction and dispersion and a...

zetacrit
(za´tә-krit) the packed-cell volume produced by the zeta sedimentation ratio procedure.

Zetafuge
(za´tә-fūj) trademark for a specially designed centrifuge used in determination of the zeta sedimentation ratio.

zidovudine
(zi-do´vu-dēn) a nucleoside analogue to thymidine, used as an antiretroviral agent in treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); administered orally or intravenously. It was the first agent approved for such use.

Ziegler operation
V-shaped iridectomy for forming an artificial pupil.

Ziemssen motor point
motor point.

Zieve syndrome
(zēv) a syndrome of hypercholesterolemia, hepatosplenomegaly, fatty liver, hemolytic anemia, and hypertriglyceridemia seen in alcoholics.

ZIFT
zygote intrafallopian transfer.

Zika virus
a mosquito-borne virus of the genus Flavivirus, occurring in Central Africa, that causes a febrile illness with rash.

zileuton
(zi-loo´tәn) an inhibitor of leukotriene formation, used in treatment of asthma; administered orally.

Zimmerlin atrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

zinc
(Zn) (zingk) a chemical element, atomic number 30, atomic weight 65.37. It is a trace element in the diet, a component of several enzymes, including DNA and RNA polymerases and carbonic anhydrase. It is abundant in red meat, shellfish, liver, peas, lentils, beans, and rice. A well-balanced d...

zinc acetate
a salt used as an astringent and styptic.

zinc chloride
a salt used as a nutritional supplement in total parenteral nutrition and applied topically as an astringent and a desensitizer for dentin.

zinc finger protein
any of a class of nucleic acid–binding proteins that also contain one or more zinc-binding domains (tandemly repeated, highly conserved stretches of 28 nucleotides). The class is named for the fingerlike secondary and tertiary structures formed in the zinc-binding regions of the molecules; individual proteins appear...

zinc fume fever
spelter's fever.

zinc gelatin
a preparation of zinc oxide, gelatin, glycerin, and purified water, used as a topical skin protectant. See also Unna paste boot.

zinc oxide
a topical astringent, skin protectant, and sunscreen.

zinc poisoning
poisoning caused by exposure to toxic levels of zinc. Inhalation of freshly oxidized zinc or zinc oxide fumes, as by metal workers, causes metal fume fever. Ingestion of high levels of zinc causes gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting, and if chronic can cause hypocupremia, anemia, and neutropenia.

zinc stearate
a powder of zinc in a compound with stearic and palmitic acids; used as a water-repellent skin protectant in dermatoses.

zinc sulfate
a topical astringent for mucous membranes, especially those of the eye.

zinc undecylenate
the zinc salt of undecylenic acid; it is a topical antifungal.

ziprasidone
(zĭ-pra´sĭ-dōn) an antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, administered orally as the hydrochloride salt.

zirconium
(Zr) (zir-ko´ne-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.22.

Zn
zinc.

zoanthropy
(zo-an´thro-pe) the delusion that one has become an animal. adj., zoanthrop´ic, adj. .

Zoladex
(zo´lә-deks) trademark for preparations of goserelin, a gonadotropin suppressor used as an antineoplastic agent and to treat endometriosis.

zoledronic acid
(zo´lә-dron″ik) a compound that slows the destruction of bone by inhibiting the action of osteoclasts. It is used for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy, multiple myeloma, abnormal changes to bone that result from metastasis, and osteitis deformans.

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
(zol´in-jәr el´ĭ-sәn) a triad comprising intractable, sometimes fulminating, atypical peptic ulcers; extreme gastric hyperacidity; and gastrinomas of the pancreas, which may be single or multiple, small or large, benign or malignant.

zolmitriptan
(zōl″mĭ-trip´tan) a selective serotonin receptor agonist used to relieve acute migraine, administered orally.

Zoloft
(zo´loft) trademark for preparations of sertraline hydrochloride, an antidepressant, antiobsessional, and antipanic agent.

zolpidem
(zōl-pi´dem) a non-benzodiazepinesedative and hypnotic used orally as the tartrate salt in the short-term treatment of insomnia.

zona
(zo´nә) Latin word meaning zone; a term used in anatomy.

zona ciliaris
(zo´nә sil″e-ar´is) ciliary zonule.

zona fasciculata
(zo´nә fә-sik″u-la´tә) the thick middle layer of the adrenal cortex.

zona glomerulosa
(zo´nә glo-mer″u-lo´sә) the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex.

zona pellucida
(zo´nә pә-loo´sĭ-dә) the transparent, noncellular, secreted layer surrounding an oocyte.

zona radiata
(zo´nә ra″de-a´tә) a zona pellucida exhibiting conspicuous radial striations.

zona reticularis
(zo´nә rә-tik″u-lar´is) the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex.

zona striata
(zo´nә stri-a´tә) a zona pellucida that has conspicuous striations.

zone
(zōn) an encircling region or area; by extension, any area with specific characteristics or boundary.

zone of antibody excess
prozone.

zone of antigen excess
in a precipitin reaction, the region of relatively high antigen concentration, in which soluble complexes are formed and the reaction is inhibited.

zone of equivalence
z. of optimal proportions.

zone of optimal proportions
in a precipitin reaction, the region of maximal precipitation, the antigen and antibody combining to form a cross-linked lattice. Called also z. of equivalence.

zone of oval nuclei
a narrow band of sustentacular cells with oval nuclei in the olfactory mucosa.

zone of partial preservation
in spinal cord injury, an area of only partial damage that may include up to three consecutive spinal segments caudal to the level of the injury.

zone of round nuclei
a broad band of olfactory cells with round nuclei in the olfactory mucosa.

zones of discontinuity
zones of varying optic density, seen with the slit lamp, in the lens of the eye; these zones are formed at particular periods in the prenatal development of the lens.

zones of hyperalgesia
Head zones.

zonesthesia
(zo″nes-the´zhә) a sensation of constriction, as by a girdle.

zonifugal
(zo-nif´ә-gәl) passing outward from a zone or region.

zonipetal
(zo-nip´ә-tәl) passing toward a zone or region.

zonisamide
(zo-nis´ә-mīd″) a sulfonamide that acts as an anticonvulsant , used as an adjunct in the treatment of partial seizures in adults; administered orally.

zonography
(zo-nog´rah-fe) a type of tomography that has a particularly thick area of focus, resulting in thicker sections for examination. Called also narrow angle tomography.

zonula
(zo´nu-lә) Latin word meaning zonule; a term used in anatomy.

zonular cataract
lamellar cataract.

zonular spaces
the lymph-filled spaces between the fibers of the ciliary zonule.

zonule
(zo´nūl) a small zone. ciliary zonule , zonule of Zinn a series of fibers connecting the ciliary body and lens of the eye, holding the lens in place. Ciliary zonule.

zonulitis
(zo″nu-li´tis) inflammation of the ciliary zonule.

zonulolysis
(zo″nu-lol´ĭ-sis) dissolution of the ciliary zonule by use of enzymes, to permit surgical removal of the lens.

zonulotomy
(zon″u-lot´o-me) incision of the ciliary zonule.

zoodermic
(zo″o-dur´mik) using the skin of an animal other than a human; said especially in reference to skin grafts.

zoogenous
(zo-oj´ә-nәs) acquired from animals. viviparous.

zoogeny
(zo-oj´ә-ne) the development and evolution of animals.

zoogony
(zo-og´ә-ne) the production of living young from within the body. adj., zoog´onous, adj. .

zoografting
(zo´o-graft″ing) xenografting of tissue from a different species into a human; called also zooplasty.

zooid
(zo´oid) animal-like. an animal-like object or form.

zoolagnia
(zo″o-lag´ne-ә) sexual attraction toward nonhuman animals; see also zoophilia.

zoology
(zo-ol´ә-je) the biology of animals, usually meaning those other than humans.

Zoomastigophorea
(zo″o-mas″tĭ-gә-for´e-ә) a class of protozoa (subphylum Mastigophora), including all the animal-like, as opposed to plant-like, protozoa.

zoonosis
(zo″o-no´sis) (zo-on´ә-sis) pl. zoono´ses a disease of other animals that is transmissible to humans under natural conditions. adj., zoonot´ic, adj. .

zooparasite
(zo″o-par´ә-sīt) an animal parasite. adj., zooparasit´ic, adj. .

zoopathology
(zo″o-pә-thol´ә-je) the science of the diseases of animals other than humans; see also veterinary medicine.

zoophilia
(zo″o-fil´e-ә) preference for animals other than humans, such as by a mosquito or a dermatophyte. a paraphilia in which intercourse or other sexual activity with nonhuman animals is the preferred method of achieving sexual excitement; see also zoolagnia. Called also bestiality. adj., zoophil´ic...

zoophobia
(zo″o-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of animals.

zooplasty
(zo´o-plast″te) zoografting.

zoospore
(zo´o-spor) a motile spore, such as an asexual flagellate of certain algae and lower fungi, or a minute sexual or asexual flagellate or ameboid spore produced by certain protozoa.

zootoxin
(zo´o-tok″sin) a toxic substance of animal origin, such as the venom of a snake, spider, or scorpion.

zoster
(zos´tәr) herpes zoster.

zoster vaccine live
an attenuated vaccine of varicella-zoster virus, used to help prevent herpes zoster in older adults; administered by subcutaneous injection.

zosteriform
(zos-ter´ĭ-form) resembling herpes zoster.

Zovirax
(zo-vi´raks) trademark for preparations of acyclovir, an antiviral agent.

Zr
zirconium.

zwitterion
(tsvit´er-i″on) an ion that has both positive and negative regions of charge; called also dipolar ion.

zygal
(zi´gәl) shaped like a yoke.