Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Villaret syndrome
(ve-yah-ra´) unilateral paralysis of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal nerves and sometimes the facial nerve, due to a lesion behind a parotid gland.

villi
(vil´i) plural of villus.

villonodular synovitis
proliferation of synovial tissue, especially of the knee joint, composed of synovial villi and fibrous nodules infiltrated by giant cells and macrophages.

villose
(vil´ōs) shaggy with soft hairs; covered with villi.

villositis
(vil″o-si´tis) a bacterial disease with alterations in the villi of the placenta.

villosity
(vĭ-los´ĭ-te) condition of being covered with villi. a villus.

villous adenoma
a large soft papillary polyp on the mucosa of the large intestine.

villous carcinoma
carcinoma in which the cells are arranged in a villous pattern, as papillary projections which are covered with neoplastic epithelium; usually seen in the gastrointestinal tract. Called also carcinoma villosum.

villous tumor
papilloma.

villus
(vil´әs) a small vascular process or protrusion, as from the free surface of a membrane. arachnoid villi microscopic projections of the arachnoid into some of the venous sinuses. intestinal villi multitudinous threadlike projections covering the surfa...

villusectomy
(vil″әs-ek´tә-me) synovectomy; excision of a synovial villus.

vinblastine
(vin-blas´tēn) a vinca alkaloidantineoplastic agent that interferes with cell mitosis. It is used primarily in combination chemotherapy regimens for testicular carcinoma, Hodgkin disease, choriocarcinoma, breast cancer, and histiocytosis X. It is usually administered orally as the sulfate salt.

vinca alkaloids
(vin´kah) a group of cytotoxic alkaloids extracted from the Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus G. Don or Vinca rosea L.) and used as antineoplastic agents; they are cell cycle specific and disrupt the formation of spindles in cell mitosis. The group includes vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, and vinorelbine tartrat...

Vincent angina
(vă-sah´) gingivostomatitis caused by extension to the oral mucosa of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, characterized by ulceration, pseudomembrane, and odor, with lesions involving the palate or pharynx as well as the oral mucosa. Called also necrotizing ulcerative gingivostomatitis.

Vincent gingivitis
necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

vincristine
(vin-kris´tēn) a vinca alkaloid used as an antineoplastic agent, primarily as a component of combination chemotherapy regimens for Hodgkin disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, as well as in the treatment of other neoplastic disorders including Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, AIDS-associated Kapos...

vinculum
(ving´ku-lәm) Latin word meaning a band. In anatomy, it is used for a bandlike structure. vincula tendinum filaments that connect the phalanges with the flexor tendons.

vindesine
(vin´dĕ-sēn) a synthetic vinca alkaloid derived from vinblastine, administered intravenously as the sulfate salt as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non–small cell carcinoma.

Vineberg operation
implantation of the internal mammary artery into the myocardium to enhance the growth of collateral circulation.

vineyard sprayer's lung
hypersensitivity pneumonitis in vineyard workers after spraying vines with a solution of cupric sulfate and lime.

vinorelbine
(vi-nor´el-bēn) a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid derived from vinblastine; administered intravenously as the tartrate salt as an antineoplastic agent in treatment of non–small cell lung cancer.

Vinson syndrome
(vin´sәn) Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

vinyl
(vi´nәl) the univalent group CH2dbondCHsbond from vinyl alcohol.

vinyl chloride disease
acro-osteolysis resulting from exposure to vinyl chloride, characterized by Raynaud phenomenon, skin changes resembling scleroderma on the backs of the hands and on the forearms, and bony changes affecting the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, the styloid processes of the radius and ulna, the sacroiliac joints, and th...

violet
(vi´o-lәt) the color produced by the shortest waves of the visible spectrum, beyond indigo, approximately 380 to 420 nm. a dye or stain with this color. crystal violet , methyl violet gentian violet.

VIP
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

viper
(vi´pәr) any snake of the viperid and crotalid families (the true vipers and the pit vipers). a term sometimes used to refer to any venomous snake. Old World viper true viper. pit viper any of a family of venomous snakes found in North A...

viperid
(vi´pәr-id) viperine (def. 1). true viper.

viperine
(vi´pәr-in) (vi´pәr-īn) pertaining to the true vipers; called also viperid. true viper.

VIPoma
(vĭ-po´mә) vipoma an endocrine tumor, usually a type of islet cell tumor, that produces excessive amounts of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, producing severe diarrhea, hypokalemia, and hypochlorhydria, leading to renal failure that can be fatal.

viral
(vi´rәl) pertaining to or caused by a virus.

viral arthritis
infectious arthritis, usually polyarticular and self-limited, associated with a viral disease, such as rubella, mumps, infectious mononucleosis, varicella, hepatitis B, and arboviral or adenoviral infection.

viral dysentery
a virus-caused dysentery occurring in epidemics and marked by acute watery diarrhea.

viral hemorrhagic fevers
hemorrhagic fevers.

viral hepatitis
hepatitis caused by one of the hepatotropic viruses; see hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E.

viral meningitis
meningitis due to any of various viruses, such as the coxsackieviruses, mumps virus, or the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis; characteristics include malaise, fever, headache, stiffness of neck and back, nausea, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (principally lymphocytic); it usually has a short uncomplicated course. See ...

viral pericarditis
pericarditis associated with viral infection, usually by coxsackievirus or echovirus, characterized by pericardial friction rub, substantial effusion, and fibrin deposition; this may be the cause of at least some cases of idiopathic pericarditis.

viral pneumonia
any of numerous pneumonias caused by a virus, such as an adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, or varicella virus.

Virales
(vi-ra´lēz) the taxonomic order comprising the viruses.

Virchow cell
lepra cell.

Virchow-Seckel syndrome
(fēr´ko sek´әl) Seckel syndrome.

Viread
(vir´e-ad) trademark for a preparation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, an antiretroviral agent.

viremia
(vi-re´me-ә) the presence of viruses in the blood.

virgin
(vir´jin) a person who has not had sexual intercourse. a laboratory animal that has been kept free from sexual intercourse.

virile
(vir´il) masculine. specifically, having male copulative power.

virile reflex
bulbospongiosus reflex. in the flaccid penis, a sudden reflexive downward jerk elicited by pulling upward the foreskin or glans penis. Called also Hughes reflex.

virilism
(vir´ĭ-liz-әm) the development or possession of male secondary sex characters in a female or prepubertal male; see also masculinization.

virility
(vĭ-ril´ĭ-te) masculinity.

virilization
(vir″il-ĭ-za´shәn) masculinization; usually used for that occurring inappropriately in a female or prepubertal male.

virilizing tumor
a functional tumor that produces virilization in girls and women or precocious puberty in boys.

virion
(vi´re-on) a complete viral particle, found extracellularly and capable of surviving in crystalline form and infecting a living cell; it comprises the nucleoid (genetic material) and the capsid.

viroid
(vi´roid) any of a class of infectious agents consisting of a small strand of RNA not associated with any protein. The RNA does not code for proteins and is not translated; it is replicated by host cell enzymes. Viroids are known to cause several plant diseases.

virolactia
(vi″ro-lak´shә) secretion of viruses in the milk.

virologist
(vi-rol´ә-jist) a microbiologist specializing in virology.

virology
(vi-rol´ә-je) the study of viruses and viral diseases.

virostatic
(vi″ro-stat´ik) said of an antiviral agent that inhibits the replication of viruses. an agent that so acts.

virucidal
(vi″rә-si´dәl) said of an antiviral agent that neutralizes or destroys viruses.

virucide
(vi´rә-sīd) an agent that neutralizes or destroys a virus; see also antiviral.

virulence
(vir´u-lәns) the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism as indicated by case fatality rates or its ability to invade the tissues of the host. by extension, the competence of any infectious agent to produce pathologic effects. adj., vir´ulent., adj.

viruliferous
(vir″u-lif´әr-әs) conveying or producing a virus.

viruria
(vīr-oo´re-ә) the presence of viruses in the urine.

virus
(vi´rәs) any member of a unique class of infectious agents, originally distinguished by their smallness because they could pass through fine ceramic filters that blocked all cells, as well as by their inability to replicate unless they were inside a living host cell receiving its assistance. Because these properti...

virus neutralizing capacity
the ability of a serum to inhibit the infectivity of a virus.

Visagraph
(ve´zah-graf) trademark for a device that records and measures eye movements while the patient is reading.

viscera
(vis´әr-ә) plural of viscus.

viscerad
(vis´әr-ad) toward the viscera.

visceral
(vis´әr-әl) pertaining to a viscus.

visceral epithelial cell
podocyte.

visceral fibers
visceral nerve fibers nerve fibers, afferent or efferent, that stimulate or activate smooth muscle and glandular tissues.

visceral larva migrans
a condition due to prolonged migration by the skin larvae of animal nematodes in human tissue other than skin; commonly caused by larvae of the roundworms Toxocara canis and T. cati.

visceral leishmaniasis
a chronic infectious disease, highly fatal if untreated, endemic in the tropics and subtropics, caused by the protozoon Leishmania donovani. Sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus are the vectors. Symptoms are usually vague, resembling those of early pulmonary tuberculosis; the disease is often confused with malaria. There may be fever, ...

visceral muscle
muscle fibers associated chiefly with the hollow viscera. Except for the striated fibers in the heart, they are smooth muscle fibers bound together by reticular fibers.

visceral nerve
autonomic nerve.

visceral nervous system
autonomic nervous system.

visceral obesity
android obesity.

visceral pain
pain that results from the activation of nociceptors of organs in the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal cavities; it is felt as a poorly localized aching or cramping sensation that may be referred to the surface of the body.

visceral pericardium
the inner layer of the serous pericardium, which is in contact with the heart and roots of the great vessels. Called also epicardium.

visceral reflex
one in which the stimulus is set up by some state of an internal organ.

visceralgia
(vis″әr-al´jә) pain in any viscera.

viscerocardiac reflex
reflex alteration in cardiac rhythm or contractility caused by visceral excitation.

visceroinhibitory
(vis″әr-o-in-hib´ĭ-tor-e) inhibiting the essential movements of any viscus.

visceromegaly
(vis″әr-o-meg´ә-le) organomegaly.

visceromotor
(vis″әr-o-mo´tәr) concerned in the essential movements of the viscera.

visceromotor reflex
contraction of abdominal muscles (abdominal rigidity) over a diseased viscus.

visceroparietal
(vis″әr-o-pә-ri´ә-tәl) pertaining to the viscera and the abdominal wall

visceroperitoneal
(vis″әr-o-per″ĭ-to-ne´әl) pertaining to the viscera and peritoneum.

visceropleural
(vis″әr-o-ploor´әl) pertaining to the viscera and the pleura.

viscerosensory
(vis″әr-o-sen´sә-re) pertaining to sensation in the viscera.

viscerosensory reflex
a response or reaction to pressure on some part of the body due to disease of some internal organ.

visceroskeletal
(vis″әr-o-skel´ә-tәl) pertaining to the visceral skeleton.

viscerosomatic
(vis″әr-o-so-mat´ik) pertaining to the viscera and the body.

viscerotonia
(vis″әr-o-to´ne-ә) a temperament type characterized by love of physical comfort, sociability, tolerance for others, and extroversion; the behavioral counterpart of endomorphy.

viscerotrophic reflex
degeneration of any peripheral tissue as a result of chronic inflammation of any of the viscera.

viscerotropic
(vis″әr-o-tro´pik) acting primarily on the viscera; having a predilection for the abdominal or thoracic viscera.

viscid
(vis´id) glutinous or sticky.

viscidity
(vĭ-sid´ĭ-te) the property of being viscid.

viscoelastic
(vis″ko-e-las´tik) both viscous and elastic; said of viscous substances used to restore or maintain the shape of the eye, especially the anterior chamber, during cataract surgery or other procedures performed on the anterior chamber.

viscosimeter
(vis″ko-sim´ә-tәr) an apparatus used in measuring viscosity of a substance.

viscosity
(vis-kos´ĭ-te) resistance to flow; a physical property of a substance that is dependent on the friction of its component molecules as they slide by one another.

viscous
(vis´kәs) sticky or gummy; having a high degree of viscosity.