Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Bean syndrome
(bēn) blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

bearing-down pain
pain accompanying uterine contractions during the second stage of labor.

Bearn-Kunkel syndrome
(bәrn´ kung´kәl) Bearn-Kunkel-Slater syndrome (bәrn´ kung´kәl sla´tәr) chronic active hepatitis.

beat
(bēt) a throb or pulsation, as of the heart or of an artery.

Beau lines
transverse lines or grooves in the nail plate caused by various systemic and local traumatic factors.

becaplermin
(bә-kap´lәr-min) a recombinant platelet-derived growth factor used in treatment of chronic severe dermal ulcers of the lower limbs in diabetes mellitus.

Bechterew reflex
Bekhterev reflex.

Beck disease
(bek) Kashin-Bek disease.

Beck triad
rising venous pressure, falling arterial pressure, and small quiet heart; characteristic of cardiac compression; called also acute compression triad.

Becker muscular dystrophy
a form that closely resembles Duchenne muscular dystrophy except that it is milder and begins later in life. It is caused by a recessive gene located on the X chromosome.

Becker nevus
a usually acquired but occasionally hereditary nevus seen mostly in males in the second and third decades of life, consisting of epidermal melanosis with segmental hyperpigmentation, and later growth of long dark hairs from the lesions. The usual location is on a shoulder or side of the upper trunk, and the lesion may spr...

Becker phenomenon
Becker sign increased pulsation of the retinal arteries, one manifestation of Graves orbitopathy.

Becker test
(for astigmatism) the patient looks at a test card containing lines radiating in sets of three and points out which seem blurred.

Beckwith syndrome
(bek´with) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (bek´with ve´dә-mahn) a congenital autosomal dominant syndrome with variable expressivity characterized by exomphalos, macroglossia, and gigantism, often associated with organomegaly, adrenocortical cytomegaly, and dysplasia of the renal medulla. Called also E...

Béclard hernia
femoral hernia through the saphenous opening.

Béclard sign
a sign of the maturity of the fetus consisting of a center of ossification in the lower epiphysis of the femur.

beclomethasone
(bek″lo-meth´ә-sōn) a synthetic glucocorticoid administered, as the dipropionate salt, by inhalation for the chronic treatment of bronchial asthma and intranasally for seasonal and nonseasonal allergic rhinitis or other allergic or inflammatory nasal conditions, and to prevent recurrence of nasal polyps after...

Beclovent
(bek´lo-vent″) trademark for a beclomethasone dipropionate metered-dose inhaler used for bronchial asthma.

becquerel
(Bq) (bek″ә-rel´) the SI unit of radioactivity, defined as the quantity of a radionuclide that undergoes one decay per second; one curie equals 3.7 × 1010 becquerels.

bed
(bed) a supporting structure or tissue. a couch or support for the body during sleep.

bed blocks
square pieces of wood placed under the legs of a bed to change its incline; frequently used when a patient is in traction.

bed cradle
a frame placed over the body of a patient in bed for application of heat or cold or for protecting injured parts from coming into contact with the bed clothes. Cradles vary in size according to their intended purpose and can be used over the entire body or over one or more of the limbs.

bed rest
restriction of a patient's activities, either partially or completely; this is associated with many hazards of immobility and can be a significant emotional stressor to the patient. A person on strict bed rest must remain in bed at all times.

bed-wetting
(bed´wet″ing) enuresis.

bedbug
(bed´bug) a bug of the genus Cimex, a flattened, oval, reddish insect that inhabits houses, furniture, and neglected beds and feeds on humans, usually at night.

bedsore
(bed´sor″) pressure ulcer.

beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata.

Beer operation
(bār) a flap method for cataract.

beet sugar
sucrose from sugar beets.

Beevor sign
a sign of functional paralysis consisting of inability of the patient to inhibit the antagonistic muscles. upward deviation of the umbilicus on attempting to lift the head, caused by contraction of the upper but not the lower abdominal muscles and indicative of a spinal cord lesion in the region of the lower thora...

Béguez César disease
(ba´gās sa´sahr) Chédiak-Higashi syndrome.

behavior
(be-hāv´yәr) the observable responses, actions, or activities of someone. adj., behav´ioral., adj. type A behavior a behavior pattern associated with the development of certain stress-related illnesses, characterized by excessive competitiveness and aggression and a fa...

behavior disorder
a general concept referring to any type of behavioral abnormality that is functional in origin.

behavior modification
an approach to correction of undesirable conduct that focuses on changing observable actions. Modification of the behavior is accomplished through systematic manipulation of the environmental and behavioral variables related to the specific behavior to be changed. The principles and techniques of this method have been use...

behavior reflex
conditioned response.

behavior therapy
a therapeutic approach in which the focus is on the patient's observable behavior, rather than on conflicts and unconscious processes presumed to underlie maladaptive behavior. This is accomplished through systematic manipulation of the environmental and behavioral variables related to the specific behavior to be modified...

behavioral marital therapy
(BMT) a form of marital therapy using principles and techniques from behavior therapy; it attempts to alleviate marital distress by increasing positive, pleasant interactions between the members of a couple.

behavioral medicine
a type of psychosomatic medicine focused on psychological means of influencing physical symptoms, such as biofeedback or relaxation.

behaviorism
(be-hāv´yәr-iz-әm) a theory of psychology that takes into account primarily objectively observable, tangible, and measurable data, rather than subjective phenomena such as ideas and emotions, based on the hypothesis that all actions are conditioned reflexes responding to stimuli. See also behavior...

Behçet syndrome
(bĕ-chet´) severe uveitis and retinal vasculitis, optic atrophy, and small, shallow, painful, white or gray lesions of the mouth and genitalia, often with other signs and symptoms suggestive of a diffuse vasculitis; it most often affects young males.

Behr disease
(bār) degeneration of the macula retinae in adult life.

Beigel disease
(bi´gәl) white piedra.

Bekhterev deep reflex
(bek-ter´yev) with corticospinal tract lesions, if the toes and foot are passively flexed in a plantar direction and then released, they will flex in a dorsal direction and the knees and hip will also flex.

Bekhterev disease
(bek-ter´yev) Bekhterev spondylitis (bek-ter´yev) ankylosing spondylitis.

Bekhterev reflex
(bek-ter´yev) Bekhterev deep reflex. hypogastric reflex. nasal reflex. paradoxical pupillary reflex.

Bekhterev sign
(bek-ter´yev) Bekhterev deep reflex. paralysis of the facial muscles for automatic movements.

Bekhterev test
(bek-ter´yev) the patient seated in bed is directed to stretch out both legs; in sciatica they cannot do this, but can stretch out each leg in turn.

Bekhterev-Mendel reflex
Mendel-Bekhterev reflex.

bel
(bel) a unit of relative power intensity used for acoustic or electric power; a change of one bel is a tenfold power increase and approximately doubles loudness of most sounds. See also decibel.

belching
(belch´ing) eructation.

belemnoid
(bә-lem´noid) dart-shaped. the styloid process.

Belgrade virus
see Dobrava-Belgrade virus.

Bell muscle
(bel) the muscular strands between the uvula of the urinary bladder and the opening of each ureter into the bladder, forming the boundary of each trigone of the bladder.

Bell palsy
Bell paralysis neuropathy of the facial nerve, resulting in paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face. The person usually has sagging on one side of the mouth, with drooling and lack of ability to whistle. Care must be taken when eating to avoid inadvertent trauma. If the eye on the affected side cannot be closed, i...

Bell phenomenon
Bell sign an outward and upward rolling of the eyeball on the attempt to close the eye; it occurs on the affected side in peripheral facial paralysis (Bell palsy).

Bell suture
a form of lock-stitch in which the needle is passed from within outward alternately on the two edges of the wound.

belladonna
(bel″ә-don´ә) Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), a plant that is the source of numerous alkaloids, such as atropine and hyoscyamine. the dried leaves and fruiting tops of this plant, used in the pharmacologic preparation of anticholinergic medications for treatment of peptic ulcer and other...

belladonna poisoning
a severe toxic condition due to accidental or purposeful overdosage of belladonna. Symptoms include dryness of the mouth, thirst, dilated pupils, flushed skin or rash on the face, neck, and upper trunk, tachycardia, fever, delirium, and stupor.

Bellini duct
(bel-e´ne) papillary duct.

belly
(bel´e) abdomen. venter (def. 1).

below-elbow (B-E) amputation
amputation of the upper limb between the wrist and the elbow.

below-knee (B-K) amputation
transtibial amputation

Belsey Mark IV operation
(bel´se) a procedure to correct gastroesophageal reflux, performed through a thoracic incision; the fundus of the stomach is wrapped 270 degrees around the circumference of the esophagus, leaving its posterior wall free.

belt
(belt) a strip of leather, canvas, or webbing that is worn around the waist. to restrict by placing a circular binding around an area.

Benadryl
(ben´ә-drәl) trademark for preparations of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, an antihistamine.

benazepril
(ben-a´zә-pril) an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor administered orally as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of hypertension.

Bence Jones protein
an abnormal low-molecular weight, heat-sensitive plasma and urinary protein found in multiple myeloma.

bench surgery
surgery performed on an organ that has been removed from the body, after which it is reimplanted.

Bender Gestalt test
Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt test a psychological test used for evaluating perceptual-motor coordination, for assessing personality dynamics, as a test of organic brain impairment, and for measuring neurological maturation. The subject is asked to make free-hand copies of nine simple geometric designs presented separately o...

bending fracture
an indirect fracture caused by bending of the limb.

bendroflumethiazide
(ben″dro-floo″mә-thi´ә-zīd) a thiazide diuretic and antihypertensive agent; it enhances the excretion of sodium and chloride.

bends
(bendz) decompression sickness.

Benedict solution
(ben´ә-dikt) a chemical solution used to determine the presence of glucose and other reducing substances in the urine.

Benedict test
(for glucose in urine) a test for glucose in the urine using Benedict reagent.

Benedikt syndrome
(ben´ә-dikt) ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis, contralateral hyperkinesia, contralateral tremor and paralysis of the upper and lower limbs, with ipsilateral ataxia; due to damage to the third cranial nerve with involvement of the nucleus ruber and corticospinal tract.

benefit-risk ratio
a determination of the potential of a research study for positive effects on patients compared to the risks of doing harm.

Benemid
(ben´ә-mid) trademark for a preparation of probenecid, a uricosuric agent used mainly in the treatment of chronic gout and also for some forms of arthritis.

benign
(bә-nīn´) not recurrent; favorable for recovery with appropriate treatment. The opposite of malignant.

benign epithelial odontogenic tumor
squamous odontogenic tumor.

benign familial pemphigus
a hereditary, recurrent vesiculobullous dermatitis, usually involving the armpits, groin, or neck, with crops of lesions that regress over several weeks or months. Called also Hailey-Hailey disease.

benign hypermobility syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type III, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by hypermobility of the joints with minimal abnormalities of the skin.

benign lymphoepithelial lesion
Mikulicz disease.

benign mixed tumor
pleomorphic adenoma.

benign myalgic encephalomyelitis
chronic fatigue syndrome.

benign polycythemia
stress polycythemia.

benign positional vertigo
benign postural vertigo benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH) age-associated enlargement of the prostate resulting from proliferation of glandular and stromal elements; it generally begins in the fifth decade of life. Because the prostate surrounds the urethra, if it enlarges it quickly interferes with the normal passage of urine from the bladder. Urination becomes inc...

benign prostatic hypertrophy
benign prostatic hyperplasia.

benign rolandic epilepsy
a hereditary, autosomal dominant disorder of childhood consisting of partial seizures with facial movements and grimaces, often followed by generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The electroencephalogram from the primary somatomotor area (rolandic area) shows characteristic repetitive high-voltage spikes. Called also rolandic epilepsy.

benign tumor
one that lacks the properties of invasiveness and metastasis, as opposed to a malignant tumor.

benign ventricular tachycardia
ventricular tachycardia that is not associated with structural heart disease or significant hemodynamic symptoms.

Bennett fracture
fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, running into the carpometacarpal joint, complicated by subluxation.

benoxinate
(ben-ok´sĭ-nāt) a local anesthetic applied to the conjunctiva for relatively short procedures; used as the hydrochloride salt.

benserazide
(ben-ser´ә-zīd) an inhibitor of the decarboxylation of peripheral levodopa to dopamine, having actions similar to those of carbidopa. When given with levodopa, benserazide produces higher brain concentrations of dopamine with lower doses of levodopa, thus lessening the side effects seen with higher doses. It is use...

Benson disease
(ben´sәn) a unilateral condition of unknown origin, sometimes occurring with age, characterized by spherical and stellate opacities in the vitreous body, which appear to sparkle when illuminated by an examining light. Called also asteroid hyalitis.

bentiromide test
(for pancreatic function) bentiromide is administered orally and its cleavage into benzoyl-tyrosyl and p-aminobenzoic acid is monitored as a measure of pancreatic production of chymotrypsin.

bentonite flocculation test
any agglutination test using antigen adsorbed on particles of bentonite; when the antigen is added to serum containing specific antibodies, flocculation occurs.

bentoquatam
(ben´to-kwah″tam) a topical skin protectant used to prevent or reduce allergic contact dermatitis from contact with poison ivy and related plants.

Bentyl
(ben´tәl) trademark for preparations of dicyclomine hydrochloride, an anticholinergic used as a gastrointestinal antispasmodic.

benzalkonium chloride
(ben″zal-ko´ne-әm) a quaternary ammonium compound used as a surface disinfectant and detergent, topical antiseptic, and antimicrobial preservative.