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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

unthrifty
In animals, denoting a failure to grow or develop normally as a result of disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

untie
1. To loosen, as something interlaced or knotted; to disengage the parts of; as, to untie a knot. 'Sacharissa's captive fain Would untie his iron chain.' (Waller) 'Her snakes untied, sulphurous waters drink.' (Pope) ... 2. To free from fastening or from restraint; to let loose; to unbind. 'Though you untie the winds, and let them fight Against the c …

untranscribed spacer
<molecular biology> In a DNA strand, a spacer sequence that lies between two coding genes. Spacer sequences are not transcribed by RNA polymerase. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

untranslated region
<molecular biology> The regions of a cDNA, typically that 5' to the initiation (ATG) site and that 3' to the stop site, which are not translated to make a peptide. Their functions are not well understood. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ununited fracture
A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Unverricht, Heinrich
<person> German physician, 1853-1912. ... See: Unverricht's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Unverricht's disease
A progressive myoclonic epilepsy; one of the degenerative gray matter disorders characterised by myoclonus and generalised seizures, with progressive neurological and intellectual decline; age of onset between 8 and 13 years of age; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

unwinding proteins
Enzymes that uncoil the DNA allowing recombination events to occur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

unwritten
1. Not written; not reduced to writing; oral; as, unwritten agreements. ... 2. Containing no writing; blank; as, unwritten paper. Unwritten doctrines, such doctrines as have been handed down by word of mouth; oral or traditional doctrines. Unwritten law. [Cf. L. Lex non scripta] That part of the law of England and of the United States which is not d …

up
1. Aloft; on high; in a direction contrary to that of gravity; toward or in a higher place or position; above; the opposite of down. 'But up or down, By center or eccentric, hard to tell.' (Milton) ... 2. Hence, in many derived uses, specifically: ... From a lower to a higher position, literally or figuratively; as, from a recumbent or sitting positi …

up mutation
<molecular biology> Refers to any mutation in the promoter region of a gene which can trigger transcription initiation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

up promoter mutation
A mutation that increases the frequency of initiation of transcription. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

up-regulation
Opposite of down-regulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

up-regulation (physiology)
Process that increases ligand/receptor interactions due to an increase in the number of available receptors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

upas
1. <botany> A tree (Antiaris toxicaria) of the Breadfruit family, common in the forests of Java and the neighboring islands. Its secretions are poisonous, and it has been fabulously reported that the atmosphere about it is deleterious. Called also bohun upas. ... 2. A virulent poison used in Java and the adjacent islands for poisoning arrows. …

upbeat nystagmus
A vertical jerky nystagmus with a rapid component upward, occurring with brainstem lesions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upflow sludge blanket
<apparatus> An apparatus for anaerobic digestion in which the microbes form thick flocculations that are kept suspended near the bottom of the reaction tank. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

UPJ
<abbreviation> Ureteropelvic junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upland
<botany> Any area that does not qualify as a wetland because the associated hydrologic regime is not sufficiently wet to elicit development of vegetation, soils and/or hydrologic characteristics associated with wetlands. Such areas in floodplains are more appropriately termed nonwetlands. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

upon
On; used in all the senses of that word, with which it is interchangeable. 'Upon an hill of flowers.' 'Our host upon his stirrups stood anon.' (Chaucer) 'Thou shalt take of the blood that is upon the altar.' (Ex. Xxix. 21) 'The Philistines be upon thee, Samson.' (Judg. Xvi. 9) 'As I did stand my watch upon the hill.' (Shak) 'He made a great differe …

upper
Being further up, literally or figuratively; higher in place, position, rank, dignity, or the like; superior; as, the upper lip; the upper side of a thing; the upper house of a legislature. The upper hand, the superiority; the advantage. See To have the upper hand, under Hand. Upper Bench, all those parts of the hull of a vessel that are properly a …

upper abdominal periosteal reflex
Percussing the lower margin of the costal cartilages in the nipple line causes a contraction of the ipsilateral abdominal muscles (inconstant). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper airway
The portion of the respiratory tract that extends from the nares or mouth to and including the larynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper extremity
Synonym for upper limb ... The shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand. ... Synonym: membrum superius, superior limb, thoracic limb, upper extremity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper extremity of fibula
Synonym for head of fibula ... The superior extremity of the fibula, which articulates by a facet with the undersurface of the lateral condyle of the tibia. ... Synonym: caput fibulae, upper extremity of fibula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper eyelid
The superior, larger and more mobile of the two eyelids which covers most of the anterior surface of the eyeball, including the cornea, when closed; a portion of the lacrimal gland and the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle extend into it, the muscle opening the closed eye and providing additional elevation when the gaze is dire …

upper GI haemorrhage
<gastroenterology> Diagnostic considerations: duodenal ulcer (40%), gastric ulcer (10-20%), diffuse erosive gastritis (15-20%), oesophageal varices (10%), Mallory-Weiss tears (10%), gastric carcinoma (less than 5%) ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

upper GI series
<investigation, radiology> A series of X-rays of the oesophagus, stomach, and small intestine (upper gastrointestinal, or GI, tract) that are taken after the patient drinks a barium solution. (barium is a white, chalky substance that outlines the organs on the X-ray.) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

upper hybrid waves
<radiobiology> Similar to lower hybrid waves, but at a higher frequency. Not truly propagating waves, but plasma oscillations. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

upper jaw
Synonym for maxilla ... The upper jaw bone, takes part in the formation of the orbit, hard palate and nasal cavity. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

upper jaw bone
Synonym for maxilla ... The upper jaw bone, takes part in the formation of the orbit, hard palate and nasal cavity. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

upper lid
Synonym for upper eyelid ... The superior, larger and more mobile of the two eyelids which covers most of the anterior surface of the eyeball, including the cornea, when closed; a portion of the lacrimal gland and the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle extend into it, the muscle opening the closed eye and providing additional ele …

upper limb
The shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand. ... Synonym: membrum superius, superior limb, thoracic limb, upper extremity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper lip
The muscular fold forming the superior border of the mouth. ... Synonym: labium superius oris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper lobe of lung
Synonym for superior lobe of lung ... The lobe of the right lung that lies above the oblique and horizontal fissures and includes the apical, posterior and anterior bronchopulmonary segments; in the left lung, the lobe lies above the oblique fissure and contains the apicoposterior, anterior, superior lingular and inferior lingular segments. ... Synon …

upper motor neuron
Clinical term indicating those neuron's of the motor cortex that contribute to the formation of the pyramidal or corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts, as distinguished from the lower motor neuron's innervating the skeletal muscles. Although not motor neuron's in the strict sense, these cortical neuron's became colloquially classified as motor neu …

upper motor neuron lesion
Synonym for supranuclear lesion ... Injury to cerebral descending (corticonuclear) fibres above the brainstem or spinal motor nerve nucleus. ... Synonym: upper motor neuron lesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper nodal extrasystole
An obsolete term for a nodal extrasystole supposed to arise from the upper part of the A-V node; recognised in the electrocardiogram by a retrograde P wave preceding the QRS complex by an abnormally short P-R interval. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper respiratory infection
Any number of viral or bacterial infections that includes infections of the throat, nasopharynx, sinuses, larynx, trachea or bronchi. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

upper respiratory tract
The nasopharynx, oral cavity, and throat. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

upper subscapular nerve
Synonym for subscapular nerves ... Two branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, an upper and lower, supplying the subscapularis muscle; the lower subscapular nerve also supplies the teres major muscle. ... Synonym: nervi subscapulares. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper thoracic splanchnic nerves
Synonym for thoracic cardiac nerves ... Part of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves from the second to fifth segments of the thoracic sympathetic trunk that pass medially and anteriorly to enter the cardiac plexus; they convey postsynaptic sympathetic fibres to, and visceral afferent (pain) fibres from, the heart. ... Synonym: nervi cardiaci thorac …

upper uterine segment
The main portion of the body of the gravid uterus, the contraction of which furnishes the chief force of expulsion in labour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upper-lower lobe predominance
<radiology> Upper lobe, usually site of greatest disease due to poorer clearance, bronchogenic carcinoma, pneumoconioses, histiocytosis X, sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, lower lobe, scleroderma ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

upright
1. In an erect position or posture; perpendicular; vertical, or nearly vertical; pointing upward; as, an upright tree. 'With chattering teeth, and bristling hair upright.' (Dryden) 'All have their ears upright.' (Spenser) ... 2. Morally erect; having rectitude; honest; just; as, a man upright in all his ways. 'And that man [Job] was perfect and upri …

upset
Set up; fixed; determined; used chiefly or only in the phrase upset price; that is, the price fixed upon as the minimum for property offered in a public sale, or, in an auction, the price at which property is set up or started by the auctioneer, and the lowest price at which it will be sold. 'After a solemn pause, Mr. Glossin offered the upset pric …

upshot
Final issue; conclusion; the sum and substance; the end; the result; the consummation. 'I can not pursue with any safety this sport to the upshot.' (Shak) 'We account it frailty that threescore years and ten make the upshot of man's pleasurable existence.' (De Quincey) ... Origin: Up + shot, equivalent to scot share, reckoning. Cf. The phrase to cas …

upsilon
20th Letter in the Greek alphabet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

upstream
<molecular biology> Refers to nucleotide sequences that precede the codons specifying the mRNA or that precede (are on the 5' side of) the protein coding sequence. Also used of the early events in any process that involves sequential reactions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

upstream activation site
A DNA sequence that regulates transcription like an enhancer but does notwork if its located downstream from a promoter. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

uptake
The absorption by a tissue of some substance, food material, mineral, etc. And its permanent or temporary retention. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uptake hydrogenase
<enzyme> Isolated from heterocysts of aerobically grown anabena filaments; also from rhodobacter capsulatus; belongs to the class of nife hydrogenases; allows the cell to grow autographically with h(2) as the electron source; isolated as a heterodimer comprising a small and large subunit; has been sequenced ... Registry number: EC 1.12.- ... Sy …

upwards
1. In a direction from lower to higher; toward a higher place; in a course toward the source or origin; opposed to downward; as, to tend or roll upward. 'Looking inward, we are stricken dumb; looking upward, we speak and prevail.' (Hooker) ... 2. In the upper parts; above. 'Dagon his name, sea monster, upward man, And down ward fish.' (Milton) ... 3. …

ur-defenses
Fundamental beliefs essential for human psychological integrity; e.g., religion, science. ... Origin: Ger. Ur-, primitive, earliest, + defenses ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ura
<abbreviation> Uracil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

urachal
Relating to the urachus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

urachal cyst
Cyst occurring in a persistent portion of the urachus, presenting as an extraperitoneal mass in the umbilical region. It is characterised by abdominal pain, and fever if infected. It may rupture, leading to peritonitis, or it may drain through the umbilicus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

urachal fistula
A fistula connecting the urachus with a hollow organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

urachal fold
Synonym for median umbilical fold ... A fold of peritoneum on the anterior wall of the abdomen covering the urachus, or remains of the allantoic stalk. ... Synonym: plica umbilicalis mediana, middle umbilical fold, plica umbilicalis media, plica urachi, urachal fold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

urachal ligament
Synonym for median umbilical ligament ... <anatomy> The remnant of the urachus, contained in the median umbilical fold; it persists as a midline fibrous cord between the apex of the bladder and the umbilicus. ... Synonym: ligamentum umbilicale medianum, middle umbilical ligament, urachal ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uracil
<biochemistry> The pyrimidine base from which uridine is derived. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

uracil dehydrogenase
An oxidoreductase catalyzing oxidation of uracil to barbituric acid; also oxidises thymine. ... Synonym: uracil oxidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uracil mustard
<chemical> Nitrogen mustard derivative of uracil. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, alkylating. ... Chemical name: 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) …

uracil oxidase
Synonym for uracil dehydrogenase ... An oxidoreductase catalyzing oxidation of uracil to barbituric acid; also oxidises thymine. ... Synonym: uracil oxidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uracil permease
<chemical> Mediates uptake of uracil in eucaryotic organisms; does not transport other natural pyrimidines such as cytosine, thymine or uridine ... Chemical name: permease, uracil ... Synonym: n 137 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

uracil phosphoribosyltransferase
See: phosphoribosyltransferase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uracil-6-carboxylic acid
Synonym for orotic acid ... Intermediate in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines. Linked glycosidically to ribose 5' phosphate, orotate forms the pyrimidine nucleotide orotidylate, that on decarboxylation at position 5 of the pyrimidine ring yields the major nucleotide uridylate (uridine 5' phosphate). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

uracil-DNA glycosidase
<enzyme> Catalyses hydrolysis of n-glycosidic bond of damaged nucleotide residues to give free uracil and partly depyrimidinated DNA of unaltered chain length; does not cleave phosphodiester bonds; a DNA repair enzyme ... Registry number: EC 3.2.2.- ... Synonym: ura-DNA glycosidase, uracil-DNA glycosylase, uracil n-glycosidase, ura-DNA glycosyl …

uraemia
1. <biochemistry> An excess in the blood of urea, creatinine and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acids metabolism, more correctly referred to as azotaemia. ... 2. <nephrology> In current usage the entire constellation of signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure including nausea, vomiting anorexia, a metallic taste …

uraemic breath
Characteristic odour of the breath in patients with chronic renal failure, variously described as 'fishy,' 'ammoniacal,' and 'fetid,' which is indicative of the systemic accumulation of volatile metabolites, usually excreted in the urine; dimethylamine and trimethylamine have been identified and correlated with the classic fishy odour. ... (05 Mar 2 …

uraemic colitis
Colitis characterised by haemorrhages in the mucosa, occurring in renal failure, possibly owing to the irritant effect of ammonia formed by breakdown of increased urea in the intestinal secretions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uraemic coma
A metabolic encephalopathy caused by renal failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uraemic frost
Powdery deposits on the skin, especially the face, of urea and uric acid salts due to excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the sweat; seen in severe uraemia. ... Synonym: uridrosis crystallina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uraemic lung
Perihilar oedema of the lung associated with renal failure and hypertension; the peripheral parts of the lung remain clear. ... Synonym: uraemic pneumonia, uraemic pneumonitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uraemic pericarditis
Fibrinous pericarditis seen in chronic renal failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uraemic pneumonia
Terminal infective pneumonia occurring in a patient with uraemia. ... See: uraemic lung ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uraemic pneumonitis
Synonym for uraemic lung ... Perihilar oedema of the lung associated with renal failure and hypertension; the peripheral parts of the lung remain clear. ... Synonym: uraemic pneumonia, uraemic pneumonitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uraemic polyneuropathy
A distal sensory and motor polyneuropathy without conspicuous inflammation and ascribed to the metabolic effects of chronic renal failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Uragoga
A genus of tropical plants (family Rubiaceae). Uragoga ipecacuanha (Cephaelis ipecacuanha) is the source of Rio or Brazilian ipecac; Uragoga acuminata (C. Acuminata) is the source of Cartagena, Nicaragua, or Panama ipecac. ... Synonym: Cephaelis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uramustine
Synonym for uracil mustard ... <chemical> Nitrogen mustard derivative of uracil. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, alkylating. ... Chemical name: 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-(bis(2-chloroeth …

urania
1. One of the nine Muses, daughter of Zeus by Mnemosyne, and patron of astronomy. ... 2. <zoology> A genus of large, brilliantly coloured moths native of the West Indies and South America. Their bright coloured and tailed hind wings and their diurnal flight cause them to closely resemble butterflies. ... Origin: L, from Gr, i. E, the Heavenly, …

uraniscochasm
Synonym: uranoschisis. ... Origin: uranisco-+ G. Chasma, cleft ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranisconitis
Synonym for palatitis ... Inflammation of the palate. ... Synonym: uranisconitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uraniscus
Synonym: palate. ... Origin: G. Ouraniskos, roof of the mouth, dim. Of ouranos, sky ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranium
<element>A radioactive metallic element whose isotope, uranium-235, is a nuclear fission fuel. Plutonium, another fission fuel, can be produced from the more plentiful isotope uranium-238. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

uranium compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain uranium as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

uranium nephritis
An experimental nephritis produced by the administration of uranium nitrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

urano-
The hard palate. ... Origin: G. Ouranos, sky vault, ouraniskos, roof of mouth (palate) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranorrhaphy
Synonym: palatorrhaphy. ... Origin: urano-+ G. Rhaphe, suture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranoschisis
Cleft of the hard palate. ... Synonym: uraniscochasm. ... Origin: urano-+ G. Schisis, fissure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranoso-
<chemistry, prefix> A combining form (also used adjectively) from uranium; used in naming certain complex compounds; as in uranoso-uranic oxide, uranoso-uranic sulphate. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

uranostaphyloplasty
Repair of a cleft of both hard and soft palate. ... Synonym: uranostaphylorrhaphy. ... Origin: urano-+ G. Staphyle, uvula, + plasso, to form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranostaphylorrhaphy
Synonym for uranostaphyloplasty ... Repair of a cleft of both hard and soft palate. ... Synonym: uranostaphylorrhaphy. ... Origin: urano-+ G. Staphyle, uvula, + plasso, to form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranostaphyloschisis
Cleft of the soft and hard palates. ... Synonym: uranoveloschisis. ... Origin: urano-+ G. Staphyle, uvula, + schisis, fissure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranoveloschisis
Synonym for uranostaphyloschisis ... Cleft of the soft and hard palates. ... Synonym: uranoveloschisis. ... Origin: urano-+ G. Staphyle, uvula, + schisis, fissure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranus
1. The son or husband of Gaia (Earth), and father of Chronos (Time) and the Titans. ... 2. <astronomy> One of the primary planets. It is about 1,800,000,000 miles from the sun, about 36,000 miles in diameter, and its period of revolution round the sun is nearly 84 of our years. ... This planet has also been called Herschel, from Sir William Her …

uranyl acetate
<chemical> Uranium salt that is very electron dense and that is used as a stain in electron microscopy, usually for staining nucleic acid containing structures in sections. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

uranyl acetate stain
<technique> A stain used in electron microscopy; uranyl acetate binds specifically to nucleic acids but selectively tends to be abolished by osmium fixation; proteins are well stained, but cytomembranes are poorly stained. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

uranyl nitrate
<chemical> Bis(nitrato-o)dioxouranium. A compound used in photography and the porcelain industry. It causes severe renal insufficiency and renal tubular necrosis in mammals and is an effective lymphocyte mitogen. ... Chemical name: Uranium, bis(nitrato-O)dioxo-, (T-4)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

urapidil
An antihypertensive agent which acts by influencing serotonin receptors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...