Copy of `Fit and Healthy solutions - Fitness glossary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

Fit and Healthy solutions - Fitness glossary Category: Health and Medicine > Fitness Date & country: 21/01/2008, UK Words: 183

Hypoglycemia
A common occurrence in diabetics, this is low blood sugar levels, resulting in anxiety fatigue and a number of other conditions including coma and death.

Illness
Symptoms that upset your health.

Incomplete proteins
Proteins which are low in one or more of the essential amino acids.

Iso kinetic Exercise
Isotonic exercise in which there is ACCOMMODATING RESISTANCE. Also refers to constant speed. Nautilus and Cybex are two types of iso kinetic machines, where machine varies amount of resistance being lifted to match force curve developed by the muscle.

Isometric Exercise
Muscular contraction where muscle maintains a constant length and joints do not move. These exercises are usually performed against a wall or other immovable object.

Isotonic Exercise
Muscular action in which there is a change in length of muscle and weight, keeping tension constant. Lifting free weights is a classic isotonic exercise.

Kinesiology
Study of muscles and their movements.

Knee Wraps
Elastic strips about 3 1/2� wide used to wrap knees for better support when performing squats, dead lifts, etc.

Lactic Acid
A substance caused by anaerobic training of the muscles, a build up prevents continuation of exercise, and a good example is 400 meter runners. Watch how they slow down during the last 100 meters of the race.

Lean Body Mass
Everything in the body except for fat, including bone, organs, skin, nails and all body tissue including muscle. Approximately 50-60% of lean body mass is water.

Lifestyle
Individual patterns of your typical life.

Lift Off
Assistance in getting weight to proper starting position.

Ligament
Strong, fibrous band of connecting tissue connecting two or more bones or cartilage or supporting a muscle, fascia or organ.

Lipids
All fats and fatty acids.

Lipoprotein
Fat carrying protein in the blood.

Lock Out
Partial repetition of an exercise by pushing the weight through only last few inches of movement.

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
A core of cholesterol surrounded by protein, often referred to as bad cholesterol.

Lower Abs
Abbreviation for abdominal muscles below the navel.

Lumbar
Lower region of you spine, vertebrates L1 to L5. Used for bending and extending the body forward and back, with the aid of the abdominal and erector spinae muscles.

Max
Maximum effort for one repetition of an exercise.

Midsection
Muscles of abdominal area, including upper and lower abdominal's, oblique's and rectus abdominis muscles.

Muscle
Tissue consisting of fibres organized into bands or bundles that contract to cause bodily movement. Muscle fibres run in the same direction as the action they perform.

Muscle Spasm
Sudden, involuntary contraction of muscle or muscle group.

Muscle Tone
Condition in which muscle is in a constant yet slight state of contraction and appears firm.

Muscularity
Another term for definition, denoting a fully delineated muscles and absence of fat.

Myositis
Muscular soreness due to inflammation that often occurs 1-2 days after unaccustomed exercise. Often referred as DOMS (Delayed onset muscle soreness)

Nautilus
Iso kinetic-type exercise machine which attempts to match resistance with user's force.

Negative Reps
One or two partners help you lift a weight up to 50% heavier than you would normally lift to finish point of movement. Then you slowly lower weight on your own.

Non-Locks
Performing an exercise without going through complete range of motion. For example, doing squat without coming to full lockout position of knees or pressing a barbell without locking out elbows.

Odd Lifts
Exercises used in competition other than snatch and clean and jerk, such as squats, bench presses, and barbell curls.

Oestrogen
Female sex hormone.

Onion Skin
Slang denoting skin with very low percentage of subcutaneous fat, which helps to accentuate muscularity.

Overload Principle
Applying a greater load than normal to a muscle to increase its capability.

Parasympathetic Nervous System
Branch of the autonomic nervous system that slows the heart rate.

Partial Reps
Performing an exercise without going through a complete range of motion either at the beginning or end of a rep.

Performance benefit
Improvements in physical fitness as a result of exercise.

Peripheral Vascular Disease
Lack of oxygen supply to the working muscles and tissues of the body, resulting from decreased blood supply.

Plyometric exercise
Where muscles are loaded suddenly and stretched, then quickly contracted to produce a movement. Athletes who must jump do these, i.e. jumping off bench to ground, quickly rebounding to another bench.

Power Training
System of weight training using low repetitions, heavy weights.

Progressive Resistance
Method of training where weight is increased as muscles gain strength and endurance. The backbone of all weight training.

Quality Training
Training just before bodybuilding competition where intervals between sets are drastically reduced to enhance muscle mass and density, and low calorie diet is followed to reduce body fat.

Reciprocal Inhibition
Reflex relaxation in a muscle being stretched.

Rep Out
Repeat the same movement over and over until you are unable to do anymore.

Repetition
One complete movement of an exercise.

Rest Interval
Pause between sets of an exercise, which allows muscles to recover partially before beginning next set.

Rest Pause Training
Training method where you press out one difficult repetition, then replace bar in stands, then after 10-20 second rest, do another rep, etc.

Set
Fixed number of repetitions. For example, 10 repetitions may comprise one set.

Slow Twitch
Muscle cells that contract slowly are resistant to fatigue and are utilized in endurance activities such as long-distance running, cycling or swimming.

Spot
Assist if called upon by someone performing an exercise.

Spotter
Person who watches a person closely to see if any help is needed during a specific exercise.

Sticking Point
Most difficult part of a movement.

Straight Sets
Groups of repetitions (SETS) interrupted by only brief pauses, (30-90) seconds.

Strength Training
Using resistance weight training to build maximum muscle force.

Stress Fracture
Fine, hairline fracture of the bone usually from repetitive stress; it may not show in an X-ray for several weeks; characterized by sharp persistent pain; Stress fractures are commonly caused by overuse, hard surfaces, or improper footwear.

Stretch Reflex
The body's automatic defensive action that stops the stretch action and protects against severe injury or abuse during stretching; see proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, Golgi tendon organ (GTO), and muscle spindle.

Striations
Grooves or ridge marks seen under the skin, the ultimate degree of muscle definition.

Stroke
A condition which occurs from insufficient oxygen supply to the brain.

Stroke Volume
Amount of blood pumped per beat by the left ventricle; increases with regular aerobic exercise.

Submaximal Aerobic Exercise Test
A cardiorespiratory fitness test designed so that the intensity does not exceed 85 percent of heart-rate reserve or maximal oxygen uptake; this provides an estimation of maximal oxygen uptake without the risks associated with maximal exercise testing.

Sugar
Although the consumer is confronted by a wide variety of sugars -- sucrose, raw sugar, turbinado sugar, brown sugar, honey, corn syrup -- there is no significant difference in the nutritional content or energy each provides, and therefore no advantage of one nutritionally over another. There also is no evidence that the body can distinguish between naturally occurring or added sugars in food products.

Super Set
Alternating back and forth between two exercises until the prescribed number of sets is completed.

Sympathetic Nervous System
Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity by speeding up the heart rate.

Talk Test
Subjective test for measuring exercise intensity by observing respiration effort and the ability to talk while exercising.

Target Heart Rate (THR)
The number of heartbeats per minute at which one should exercise for a desired result; 60-85% of the maximum heart rate is recommended for most people.

Tendinitis
The inflammation or swelling of a tendon as a result of injury or overuse.

Tendon
A band or cord of strong, fibrous tissue that connects muscle to the bone.

Testosterone
Principle male hormone that accelerates tissue growth and stimulates blood flow.

Thick Skin
Smooth skin caused by too much fatty tissue between the layers of muscle and beneath the skin.

Time Dependant Ageing
The loss of function resulting from growing old.

Training Effect
Increase in functional capacity of muscles as result of increased (overload) placed upon them.

Training Heart Rate
Heart rate range that an individual exercises at to elicit a specific response; Example, the fat utilization training zone.

Training to Failure
Continuing a set until it is impossible to complete another rep without assistance.

Training Zone
Training heart rate range; see also target heart rate.

Trans Fats
Trans fats occur naturally in beef, butter, milk and lamb fats and in commercially prepared, partially hydrogenated margarines and solid cooking fats. The main sources of trans fats in the American diet today are margarine, shortening, commercial frying fats and high-fat baked goods. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils were developed in part to help displace highly saturated animal and vegetable fats used in frying, baking and spreads. However, trans fats, like saturated fats, may raise blood LDL cholesterol levels (the so-called 'bad' cholesterol). At high consumption, levels may also reduce the HDL or 'good' cholesterol levels

Traps
Abbreviation for trapezius muscles, the largest muscles of the back and neck that draw head backward and rotate scapula.

Tri Sets
Alternating back and forth between three exercises until a prescribed number of sets is completed.

Trigger Point
An irritable spot usually found in soft tissue injury's, such as a knot within the muscle.

Triglyceride
The storage form of fat consisting of three free fatty acids and glycerol.

Trimming Down
To gain hard muscular appearance by losing body fat.

Variable Resistance
Strength training equipment where the machine varies amount of weight being lifted to match strength curve for a particular exercise – usually with a cam, lever arm or hydraulic cylinder. Also referred to as â€Å`ACCOMMODATING RESISTANCE.â€?

Vitamins
Vitamins are organic compounds that are nutritionally essential in small amounts to control metabolic processes and cannot be synthesized by the body. Vitamins are usually classified by their solubility, which to some degree determines their stability, occurrence in foodstuffs, distribution in body fluids, and tissue storage capacity. Each of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K has a distinct and separate physiologic role. Several have antioxidant properties which depress the effects of metabolic byproducts called free radicals, which are thought to cause degenerative changes related to aging. Most of the water-soluble vitamins are components of essential enzyme systems; many are involved in the reactions supporting energy metabolism. These vitamins are not normally stored in the body in appreciable amounts and are normally excreted in the urine. Thus, a daily supply is desirable to avoid depletion and interruption of normal physiologic functions.

Warm up
Light gradual exercises performed to get the body ready for physical activity, normally a slower version of the activity to follow. For example a light jog before a run. Often followed by stretching of the body.

Water Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins that are soluble in water, not fat. Most of the water-soluble vitamins are components of essential enzyme systems. Many are involved in the reactions supporting energy metabolism. These vitamins are not normally stored in the body in appreciable amounts and are normally excreted in the urine. Thus, a daily supply is desirable to avoid depletion and interruption of normal physiologic functions.