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Print Technology Warehouse - Printing glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Printing Date & country: 15/12/2007, UK Words: 1575

Typeface
A complete set of characters forming a family in a particular design or style.

Typescript
A typed manuscript.

Typo
An abbreviation for typographical error. An error in the typeset copy.

Typographer
A specialist in the design of printed matter, and in particular the art of typography.

Typography
The design and planning of printed matter using type.

UCC
Universal Copyright Convention: gives protection to authors or originators of text, photographs or illustrations to prevent unauthorised use. The publication should carry the ©Copyright mark, the name of the originator and the year of publication.

Ultimate adhesion
The resistance to removal of a label after adhesion has been allowed to build for a period of time. The time required to reach ultimate adhesion varies with the adhesive, substrate and labelling conditions, but is approximately 24 hours.

Ultra bold
Typeface design variations containing much thicker strokes than found in the bold or extra bold style options. they are best used for headlines and logotypes.

Ultra-violet resistance
The ability of a material to withstand extended exposure to sunlight (ultra-violet) without degradation, hardening, or excessive discoloration.

Unbleached
A term applied to paper or pulp which has not been treated with bleaching agents.

Uncoated Freesheet
Uncoated paper containing no more than 10% mechanical wood pulp. Most uncoated freesheet paper is entirely free of mechanical wood pulp. Most uncoated printing and writing papers are classified into the broader category of uncoated freesheet.

Uncoated Groundwood
All paper, that isn't coated, containing more than 10% ground- wood fiber in its furnish.

Uncoated Paper
Paper that doesn't have coating. Uncoated papers are manufactured in a great variety of finishes, colours, and weights, and offer the versatility needed to meet the creative and practical demands of most print jobs.

Under colour removal (UCR)
To improve trapping and reduce ink costs in process colour printing, colour is reduced in areas on colour separation films and black film is increased to compensate for the amount of colour reduced.

Undercut plate cylinder
See plate cylinder.

Uploading
The process of transferring files from the originating computer to the host - ISP.

URL
Uniform Resource Locator, refers to each Web site's unique electronic address. The advantage of a URL is that your address, domain name, remains the same regardless of whether you move or change Internet Service Providers.

USB
Universal Serial Bus; peripheral interface for computers offering 'hot plug and play' capability, which means you can plug a device into the USB port while the computer is turned on, and be able to use the device immediately. Offers data transfer of up to 12 Mbps (Megabits per second). A single USB port can connect up to 127 peripheral devices - if…

UV Coating
A very slick, glossy coating applied to the printed-paper surface and dried on press with ultraviolet (UV) light. The slick surface of UV coating makes it eye catching, and therefore very popular for printing the covers of paperback novels. Because UV coating can cause slight variations in match colours, consulting with an ink manufacturer or print…

UV Ink
Ink specially formulated to dry quickly with ultraviolet (UV) light while still on press. UV drying improves turnaround time because it eliminates waiting for the first side to dry before printing the second side. This eliminates the need for the paper to pass through the press more than once.

UV Resistant
Being resistant to ultra violet (UV) light or sunlight. UV light, or sunlight, will cause non-resistant materials and surfaces to fade or discolour.

Value
Relative lightness or darkness of a colour, or the relation of one part of a photograph to another in regards to lightness or darkness.

VAN
Value-Added Network: a packet switched network offering special services e.g. protocol conversion, data store and forward.

Varnish
A coating printed on top of a printed sheet to protect it, add a finish, and/or add a tinge of colour. An entire sheet may be varnished, or certain areas, like halftones, may be spot varnished to add emphasis and appeal.

Varnishing
A finishing process whereby an aqueous, transparent varnish is applied over the printed sheet to produce a glossy finish. With large areas of solid colour it protects from scuffing and offsetting, and you can enhances pictures by selectively gloss varnishing them. It can be tinted as well for special effects, and used as a graphic element.

Vector
Resolution and device independent mathematical descriptions of shapes. Made up of primitives, vector images require much less storage space and memory than bitmaps - file size for a vector image the size of a business card will be pretty much the same for the same image on a billboard. They don't distort when resized like bitmaps, can be infinitely…

Vegetable-based Ink
Using vegetable oil, rather than petroleum solvents, as the vehicle for carrying pigment. Vegetable ink colours tend to be more vibrant than petroleum-based inks, but may take longer to dry. This book, Words on Paper, is printed with soy- based ink, a type of vegetable-based ink.

Web Paper
Paper that comes in a roll rather than in sheets. A web press runs this paper, folding and/or cutting it after it is printed.

Web perfector
A web-printing machine that prints on both sides of the web at once.

Web press
A press specifically designed to print rolls of paper called webs, rather than sheets. A web press runs much faster than a sheet-fed press: as many as 40,000 images per hour versus a maxi- mum of about 14,000 per hour on a sheet-fed press.

Web server
Server supporting one or more websites, and which supplies web pages to web browsers on request.

Web site
One or more interlinked web pages controlled by a single organisation and linked to a single homepage.

Web tension
The amount of pull or tension applied in the direction of travel of a web of paper through a web press.

Web-offset
Offset press working from a web or reel of paper.

Wedge serif
A serif with a straight slope as opposed to the curve of the bracketed serif.

Weight (1)
Degree of boldness of a typeface. Futura type, for example, is made in light, medium, book, heavy, bold and extra bold - the different weights.

Weight (2)
The tonnage or poundage of a quantity of paper. The weight of paper may be expressed as basis weight, ream weight, M weight, or grammage. Basis weight is the weight in pounds of 500 sheets of paper cut to a given standard size (called basic size), such as 25'x38', depending on the grade of paper. Ream weight is the actual weight in pounds of 500 sh…

Wet End
The front end of the papermaking machine, including the head- box, wire, and presses. Paper is more water than fiber in this section of the machine.

Wet Trap Printing
A layer of wet ink over, or adjacent to, a previous layer of wet ink.

Wet-on-wet
Colour printing when the first colour of ink is still wet when the subsequent colours are printed.

Wf
An abbreviation for 'wrong fount'. Used when correcting proofs to indicate where a character is in the wrong typeface.

White point
This is a term used to describe the characteristics of a monitor. The value is given as a colour temperature (in Kelvin), which represents the monitor's ability to display a pure white. Also the point set in scanning for the lightest high light dot that does not burn out - usually around 3C, 2M, 2Y, 0K.

White space
The area of a page with no printing on it.

Whiteness
The measure of the amount of light reflected from a sheet of paper. How white a paper is depends on how evenly it reflects all colours in the visible spectrum. If it reflects more blue than red and yellow, it will have a cool, blue tinge to it, making it appear brighter than white. A cool paper will appear brighter than a similar paper with a warm …

Widow
A single word left on the last line of a paragraph that falls at the top of a page.

Windows
A software technique that allows a rectangular area of a computer screen to display output from a program. With a number of programs running at one time, several windows can appear on the screen at one time. Information can be cut and pasted from one window to another. The best-known version of 'windows' is that developed by Microsoft.

Windows colour palette
Not all 256 colours available on an Apple Macintosh are available when Web sites are viewed in a browser - Windows operating system reserves several colours for its own use. By only using colours available on the 216 ‘Windows Safe` palettes the site`s colours will work and look good - regardless of platform.

Wire
The wire mesh used at the wet end of the paper making process. The wire determines the textures of the paper.

Wire Side
The bottom side of the paper that comes in contact with the wire (now called the forming fabric) of the paper machine during the papermaking process. The topside of the paper is called the felt side. As the water drains through the wire during manufacture, it carries fibers, fillers, and other chemicals with it, depositing more of them on the wire …

Wire stitching
See saddle or side stitching.

With-the-grain
Direction of the stock's fibers.

Without colour
See Achromatic.

Wood free paper
Made from chemical pulp only with size added. Supplied calendered or super-calendered.

Woodcut
A block of wood with a design carved into it and non-printing areas cut away. The woodcut is inked and pressed against stock to make an image.

Word break
The division of a word at the end of a line.

Word wrap
In word processing, the automatic adjustment of the number of words on a line of text to match the margin settings. The carriage returns set up by this method are termed 'soft', as against 'hard' carriage returns resulting from the return key.

Work and Back
See imposition.

Work-and-tumble
Printing procedure in which both front and back images are imposed on one plate or set of plates if more than one colour is being used. The sheet is printed on the topside, turned head over heels, and the back side is printed. Two different gripper edges are used.

Work-and-turn
Printing procedure in which both front and back images are imposed on one plate or set of plates if more than one colour is being used. One side is then printed and the sheet is then turned over and printed from the other edge using the same forme. One gripper edge is used. The finished sheet is then cut to produce two complete copies.

Working Range
The maximum area that can be engraved in one set-up on an engraving machine.

World Wide Web
Often abbreviated to 'Web' or W3, the World Wide Web is a system of protocols that allows hypermedia data to be exchanged across a network, usually the Internet. This system comprises the use of HTML code to provide an easy way to publish and access information on-line. Tim Berners-Lee, a computer specialist, along with his partner Robert Cailliau,…

Wove Finish
Uncoated paper that has an even finish with slight toothiness.

Wove paper
Is made on a roll of closely woven, finely textured wire, which leaves no marks on the paper surface.

Wrap-around label
Label that extends completely around the labeled surface.

Wrong reading
Reverse of the original image or type.

WWW
World Wide Web; a set of Internet servers that provide hypertext services to clients running WWW browsers.

WYSIWYG
Pronounced 'wizzywig' - what-you-see-is-what-you-get, describes systems that preview full pages on the screen with text and graphics. It can be misleading due to difference in resolutions of computer screens. It also refers to WYSIWYG Editors, HTML generating programmes that allow an HTML page to be designed in the mode of a page layout programme r…

Xerography
Inkless reproduction process that uses static electricity and toner powder to copy an image (Xerox).

XML
Extensible Mark-up Language; a meta-language containing a set of rules for construction of other mark-up languages. With XML, people can make up their own tags, which expands the amount and kinds of information that can be provided about the data held in the document. XML enables designers to create their own customised tags to provide functions no…

Yapp binding
Flexible book cover.

Yellowing
Gradual colour change in the original appearance of a P.S. label, characterized by the development of yellowish and brownish hues.

Zigzag fold.
Fan-fold

Zinc engraving, zincs
Line or halftone art etched into zinc plates for letterpress.

Zones
A well-designed Web site will have different areas of the screen are devoted to different purposes - navigation links are usually placed to the left or along the top of the screen, for example, while empty space to the right of a column of text is used to reduce the line length and focus the Web site visitors attention on the message.

Zoom
Choosing a different screen magnification to reveal less of a page at large size or more of a page at small size.