Copy of `Materials engineering group - Welding glossary`

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Materials engineering group - Welding glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Welding Date & country: 15/11/2007, UK Words: 121

Actual throat thickness
The perpendicular distance between two lines each parallel to a line joining the outer toes one being tangent at the weld face and the other being through the furthermost point of fusion penetration.

Air-arc cutting
Thermal cutting using an arc for melting the metal and a stream of air to remove the molten metal to enable a cut to be made.

All-position
A gas welding technique in which the flame rightward welding

All-weld test piece
A block of metal consisting of one or more beads or runs fused together for test purposes. It may or may not include portions of parent metal.

All-weld test specimen
A test specimen that is composed wholly of weld metal over the portion to be tested.

Arc blow
A lengthening or deflection of a DC welding arc caused by the interaction of magnetic fields set up in the work and arc or cables.

Arc fan
The fan-shaped flame associated with the atomic-hydrogen arc.

Arc voltage
The voltage between electrodes or between an electrode and the work, measured at a point as near as practical to the work.

Atomic-hydrogen welding
Arc welding in which molecular hydrogen, passing through an arc between two tungsten or other suitable electrodes, is changed to its atomic form and then re-combines to supply the heat for welding

Back-step sequence
A welding sequence in which short lengths of run are (Back-step sequence)

Backfire
Retrogression of the flame into the blowpipe neck or body with rapid self extinction.

Backing bar
A piece of metal or other material placed at a root (Temporary backing)(These terms are applied only to the welding of pipes or tubes.)

Backing strip
A piece of metal placed at a root and penetrated by (Permanent backing)

Block sequence
A welding sequence in which short lengths of the (Block welding)

Blowhole
A cavity generally over 1.6 mm in diameter, formed by entrapped gas during solidification of molten metal.

Blowpipe
A device for mixing and burning gases to produce a flame for welding, brazing, bronze welding, cutting, heating and similar operations.

Burn back
Fusing of the electrode wire to the current contact tube by sudden lengthening of the arc in any form of automatic or semi-automatic metal-arc welding using a bare electrode.

Burn off rate
The linear rate of consumption of a consumable electrode.

Burn through
A localised collapse of the molten pool due to (Melt through)

Carbon-arc welding
Arc welding using a carbon electrode or electrodes.

Chain intermittent weld
An intermittent weld on each side of a joint (usually fillet welds in T and lap joints) arranged so that the welds lie opposite to one another along the joint.

CO2 flux welding
Metal-arc welding in which a flux-coated or flux containing electrode is deposited under a shield of carbon dioxide.

CO2 welding
Metal-arc welding in which a bare wire electrode is used the arc and molten pool being shielded with carbon dioxide.

Concave fillet weld
A fillet weld in which the weld face is concave (curved inwards).

Cone
The more luminous part of a flame, which is adjacent to the nozzle orifice.

Continuous weld
A weld extending along the entire length of a joint.

Convex fillet weld
A fillet weld in which the weld face is convex (bulbous).

Coupon plate
A test piece made by adding plates to the end of a joint to give an extension of the weld for test purposes. (Note: this term is usually used in the shipbuilding industry.)

Crack
A longitudinal discontinuity produced by fracture. Cracks may be longitudinal, transverse, edge, crater, centre line, fusion zone underhead, weld metal or parent metal.

Crater pipe
A depression due to shrinkage at the end of a run where the source of heat was removed.

Cruciform testpiece
A flat plate to which two other flat plates or two bars are welded at right angles and on the same axis.

Cutting electrode
An electrode with a covering that aids the production of such an arc that molten metal is blown away to produce a groove or cut in the work.

Cutting oxygen
Oxygen used at a pressure suitable for cutting. De-seaming The removal of the surface defects from ingots, blooms, billets and slabs by means of a manual thermal cutting.

Dip transfer
A method of metal-arc welding in which fused particles of the electrode wire in contact with the molten pool are detached from the electrode in rapid succession by the short circuit current, which develops every time the wire touches the molten pool.

Drag
The projected distance between the two ends of a drag line.

Drag lines
Serrations left on the face of a cut made by thermal cutting.

Electron-beam cutting
Thermal cutting in vacuum by melting and vaporising a narrow section of the metal by the impact of a focused beam of electrons.

Excess penetration bead
Excessive metal protruding through the root of a fusion weld made from one side only.

Face bend test
A bend test in which a specified side of the weld Normal bend test. (The side opposite that containing the root or )

Feather
The carbon-rich zone, visible in a flame, extending around and beyond the cone when there is an excess of carbonaceous gas.

Fillet weld
A fusion weld, other than a butt, edge or fusion spot weld, which is approximately triangular in transverse cross-section.

Flame cutting
Oxygen cutting in which the appropriate part of the material to be cut is raised to ignition temperature by an oxy-fuel gas flame.

Flame snap-out
Retrogression of the flame beyond the blowpipe body into the hose, with possible subsequent explosion.

Flame washing
A method of surface shaping and dressing of metal by flamecutting using a nozzle designed to produce a suitably shaped cutting oxygen stream.

Flashback arrestor
A safety device fitted in the oxygen and fuel gas system to prevent any flashback reaching the gas supplies.

Floating head
A blowpipe holder on a flame cutting machine which, through a suitable linkage, is designed to follow the contour of the surface of the plate, thereby enabling the correct nozzle-to-workpiece distance to be maintained.

Free bend test
A bend test made without using a former.

Fusion penetration
In fusion welding. The depth to which the parent metal has been fused.

Fusion zone
The part of the parent metal which is melted into the weld metal.

Gas economiser
An auxiliary device designed for temporarily cutting off the supply of gas to the welding equipment except the supply to a pilot jet where fitted.

Gas envelope
The gas surrounding the inner cone of an oxy-gas flame.

Gas pore
A cavity generally under 1.6 mm in diameter, formed by entrapped gas during solidification of molten metal.

Gas regulator
A device for attachment to a gas cylinder or pipeline for reducing and regulating the gas pressure to the working pressure required.

Guided bend test
A bend test made by bending the specimen round a specified former.

Heat affected zone
The part of the parent metal which is metallurgically affected by the heat of welding or thermal cutting but not melted. (Also known as the zone of thermal disturbance).

Hose protector
A small non-return valve fitted to the blow-pipe end of a hose to resist the retrogressive force of a flashback.

Included angle
The angle between the planes of the fusion faces of parts to be welded.

Inclusion
Slag or other foreign matter entrapped during welding. The defect is usually more irregular in shape than a gas pore.

Incomplete root penetration
Failure of weld metal to extend into the root of a joint.

Incompletely filled groove
A continuous or intermittent channel in the surface of a weld, running along its length, due to insufficient weld metal. The channel may be along the centre or along one or both edges of the weld.

Intermittent weld
A series of welds at intervals along a joint.

Kerf
The void left after metal has been removed by thermal cutting.

Lack of fusion
Lack of union in a weld.(Between weld metal and parent metal, parent metal and parent metal or between weld metal and weld metal.)

Leftward welding
A gas welding technique in which the flame is (Forward welding)

Leg
The width of a fusion face in a fillet weld.

Metal transfer
The transfer of metal across the arc from a consumable electrode to the molten pool.

Metal-arc cutting
Thermal cutting by melting using the heat of an arc between a metal electrode and the metal to be cut.

Metal-arc welding
Arc welding using a consumable electrode.

MIG - welding
Inert-gas welding using a consumable electrode (inert-gas metal-arc welding)

Multi-stage regulator
A gas regulator in which the gas pressure is reduced to the working pressure in more than one stage.

Nick-break test
A fracture test in which a specimen is broken from a notch cut at a predetermined position where the interior of the weld is to be examined.

Open arc welding
Arc welding in which the arc is visible.

Open circuit voltage
In a welding plant ready for welding, the voltage between two output terminals which are carrying no current.

Overlap
An imperfection at a toe or a root of a weld caused by metal flowing on to the surface of the parent metal without fusing it.

Oxygen lance
A steel tube, consumed during cutting, through which cutting oxygen passes, for the cutting or boring of holes.

Oxygen lancing
Thermal cutting in which an oxygen lance is used.

Oxygen-arc cutting
Thermal cutting in which the ignition temperature is produced by an electric arc, and cutting oxygen is conveyed through the centre of an electrode, which is consumed in the process.

Packed lance
An oxygen lance with steel rods or wires.

Penetration bead
Weld metal protruding through the root of a fusion weld made from one side only.

Plug weld
A weld made by filling a hole in one component of a workpiece so as to join it to the surface of an overlapping component exposed through the hole.

Porosity
A group of gas pores.

Powder cutting
Oxygen cutting in which powder is injected into the cutting oxygen stream to assist the cutting action.

Powder lance
An oxygen lance in which powder is mixed with the oxygen stream.

Preheating oxygen
Oxygen used at a suitable pressure in conjunction with fuel gas for raising to ignition temperature the metal to be cut.

Residual welding stress
Stress remaining in a metal part or structure as a result of welding.

Reverse bend test
A bend test in which the other than that specified for a face bend test is in tension.

Rightward welding
A gas welding technique in which the flame is (Backward welding)

Root (of weld)
The zone on the side of the first run farthest from the welder.

Root face
The portion of a fusion face at the root which is not bevelled or grooved.

Run-off-plate(s)
A piece, or pieces, of metal so placed as to enable the full section of of weld to be obtained at the end of the joint.

Run-on-plate(s)
A piece, or pieces, of metal so placed as to enable the full section of weld metal to be obtained at the beginning of a joint.

Scarfing
The removal of the surface defects from ingots, blooms, billets and slabs by means of a flame cutting machine.

Seal weld
A weld, not being a strength weld, used to make a (sealing weld)

Sealing run
The final run deposited on the root side of a fusion (backing run)

Shrinkage groove
A shallow groove caused by contraction of the metal along each side of a penetration bead.

Side bend test
A bend test in which the face of a transverse section of the weld is in tension

Skip sequence
A welding sequence in which short lengths of run are (skip welding )

Slag-trap
A configuration in a joint or joint preparation which may lead to the entrapment of slag.

Slot lap joint
A joint between two overlapping components made by depositing a fillet weld round the periphery of a hole in one component so as to join it to the other component exposed through the hole.

Spray transfer
Metal transfer which takes place as globules of diameter substantially larger than that of the consumable electrode from which they are transferred.