Copy of `Instrument net - Instrumentation glossary`
The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.
|
|
|
Instrument net - Instrumentation glossary
Category: Electronics and Engineering > Instrumentation
Date & country: 13/11/2007, UK
Words: 392
|
Ethernet(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox®, Intel®, and Digital Equipment Corporation.
EWS(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Engineering Work Station
Expert Systems(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) See Knowledge Based Systems (KBS).
EXW(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Ex Works - Good are made available to the buyer unpacked, unloaded at the suppliers named premises. Risk transfers on notification of availability.
FAT(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Factory Acceptance Tests - Usually applied to packaged plant where the plant is tested against specified performance criteria before shipment to the construction site.
Fault Tolerant(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Fault tolerant architecture allows the system to continue working even when part of the system fails. This is usually done by having multiple components running in parallel; when one part fails the redundant devices can take over, allowing engineers to repair the system without disrupting the process.
FCA(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Free Carrier Named Place - Term may be used for any mode of transport (road, rail, air, sea). Risk transfers on delivery to named point.
FCU(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Field Control Unit.
FDDI(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) A Fibre Distributed Data Interface is a type of LAN.
FDDI(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Fibre distributed data interface. An ANSI defined standard specifying a 100 Mbps token passing network using fibre optic cable.
FF(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Fieldbus Foundation.
Fibre optic cable(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Thin, flexible, medium capable of conducting modulated light transmission.
Fieldbus(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Fieldbus is a generic term used to describe a common communications protocol for control systems and/or field instruments. Although some standard forms have been agreed for instruments, the DCS industry as a whole have so far no agreed fieldbus. Often, the Foundation Fieldbus is referred to simply as the Fieldbus.
File server(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A networked computer system that stores files for network users and provides network access to the files.
Flash EPROM(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A EPROM (electronically programmable read-only memory) technology developed by Intel and licensed to other semiconductor companies, Flash EPROM is non-volatile storage that can be electrically erased in the circuit and reprogrammed.
FOB(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Free On Board - Term correctly used for sea freight. Risk transfers as the goods pass over the ships rail at the named port of exit. With containerised transport FCA should be considered.
FP(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Financial Proposal: A separate document or section of the bid which is restricted to commercial issues.
FPSO(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel - Term for a type of oil 'rig' used in the offshore oil & gas industry.
Fragment(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A piece of a larger packet that has been broken down to smaller units.
Fragmentation(NETWORK GLOSSARY) The process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot support the original size of the packet.
Frame(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A logical grouping of information sent as a link layer unit over a transmission medium.
Frame relay(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A protocol used across the interface between user devices (hosts and routers) and network equipment (switching nodes).
FTP(NETWORK GLOSSARY) File transfer protocol. An IP application protocol for transferring files between network nodes.
FTP(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Full technical proposal: A complete technical proposal with all documentation and supporting information identified in the RTB.
Full duplex(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A capability for simultaneous transmission of data in both directions.
Function Block(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Smart devices on a fieldbus are capable of operating independently. The microprocessors which store control software are the function blocks. They are particular to an application.
Fuzzy Logic(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Fuzzy logic is designed for situations where information is inexact and traditional digital on/off decisions are not possible. It divides data into vague categories such as 'hot', 'medium' and 'cold'.
GAN(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Global area network. A network that spans the globe.
Gas Chromatagraphs(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Gas chromatagraphs are used to analyse the make up of a gas at various points in the process. It has been suggested that neural networks might be used to replace their functions in some circumstances at much lower cost.
Gateway(NETWORK GLOSSARY) In the past, this referred to a routing device. Today, this refers to a special purpose device that performs a layer seven conversion of information from one protocol stack to another.
Genetic Algorithms (Gas)(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) These are routines which are capable of self adaption. As with neural networks, they are based on an analogy with nature; in this case the best algorithms breed with each other to provide new variants in a 'survival of the fittest'. As yet this cutting edge technology is not widely used in process control.
GOT(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Graphic Operator Terminal. A kind of HMI.
Granule(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) An information granule is a term used by some fuzzy logic experts to describe a fuzzy set of objects which can be seen as a unit in fuzzy logic calculations.
GUI(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) The standard abbreviation for Graphic User Interface; this is an interface which uses graphics rather than characters to communicate.
GUS(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Global User Station
Hand over(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Process plant has been checked to confirm process quality and efficiency.
Hardware address(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A data link layer address associated with a particular network device. Also called physical address or MAC layer address.
HART(PROJECT GLOSSARY) acronym = Highway Addressable Remote Transmitter
Header(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Control information added (before data) when encapsulating the data for network transmission.
HMI(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Human Machine Interface. Sometimes these are called Man Machine Interface. See MMI.
Hop(NETWORK GLOSSARY) The passage of a packet through one router.
Hop count(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A routing metric used to measure the distance between a source and a destination.
Host(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Computer system on a network. Similar to the terms device or node except that host usually implies a computer system, whereas device and node generally apply to any networked system, including communication servers and routers.
Hub(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A device that serves as the centre of a star topology network. In Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 terminology, a hub is an Ethernet multiple port repeater (sometimes called concentrator). Hub is also used to refer to a hardware/software device that contains multiple independent but connected modules of network and internetwork equipment.
HVAC(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning.
Hybrid network(NETWORK GLOSSARY) An internetwork made up of more than one type of network technology, including LAN and WAN networks.
ICLOC(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Irrevocable Confirmed Letter Of Credit (see LOC) - This letter of credit has the additional security that the 'confirming' bank itself undertakes to pay the LOC. In this case the buyer cannot withdraw or stop payment provided the correct documents and time periods are complied with. The confirmation is only as good as the bank that issues it. Banks in some parts of the world can be prevented from payment for political or other local reasons.
ICMP(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Internet control message protocol. A network layer Internet protocol that provides message packets to report errors and other information relevant to Internet protocol packet processing.
ICS(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) An Information and Command Station is used by operators to control and monitor the plant's processes.
IEC(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) International Electrotechnical Commission.
IEE(STANDARDS GLOSSARY) Institution of Electrical Engineers
IEEE(STANDARDS GLOSSARY) IEEE Standards
IFC(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) International Fieldbus Consortium. An hybrid body formed from the IFG and the OFC in 1990. It voted to stop work after the FF was created in 1994.
IFG(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) International Fieldbus Group
IGE(STANDARDS GLOSSARY) Institution of Gas Engineers
ILD(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Instrument Loop Diagram. A drawing showing the connections from the field device all the way through to the system terminations.
IMC(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Institute of Measurement and Control. InstMC.
IMP-MPN(PROJECT GLOSSARY) IBM Multi Protocol Network - IBM provides a service to allow mobile users to access their home server through the IBM global network. The connect call is to a local number reducing the telephone charges.
Incoterms(PROJECT GLOSSARY) International chamber of commerce rules for interpretation of trade terms.
INST.M.C.(STANDARDS GLOSSARY) Institute of Measurement And Control
Interchangability(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Interchangability is the ability, in an open system, to swap instruments on a network without losing functionality.
Interface(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A connection between two systems or devices.
Internet(NETWORK GLOSSARY) The world's largest internetwork, connecting thousands of networks world-wide and having a 'culture' based upon simplicity, research, and standardisation based on real-life use.
Internet address(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A 32 bit address assigned to hosts using TCP/IP. The address is written as four octets separated with periods (dotted decimal format) that are made up of a network section, an optional subnet section, and a host section. Also called IP address.
Internetwork(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A collection of networks interconnected by routers that functions (generally) as a single network. Sometimes called an internet, which is not to be confused with the Internet.
Internetworking(NETWORK GLOSSARY) The industry that has arisen around the problem of connecting networks together.
Interoperability(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Interoperability is the ability to plug instruments or other elements produced by more than one manufacturer into a fieldbus network and still have them able to communicate with each other and the control system(s). They may, however, have different levels of functionality.
Interoperability(NETWORK GLOSSARY) The ability of computing equipment manufactured by different vendors to communicate successfully over a network,
Investor(PROJECT GLOSSARY) The company or group that provide all or part of the project finance.
IP(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Internet protocol. A layer three (network layer) protocol that contains addressing information and some control information that allows packets to be routed.
IP(STANDARDS GLOSSARY) Institute of Petroleum
IP address(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Refer to Internet address.
IPX(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Internetwork packet exchange. Novell layer three protocol similar to XNS and IP that is used in NetWare® networks.
ISA(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Instrument Society of America.
ISA(STANDARDS GLOSSARY) Instrument Society of America
ISDN(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Integrated services digital.network Communication protocols proposed by telephone companies to permit telephone networks to carry data, voice, and other source material.
ISO(NETWORK GLOSSARY) International organisation for standardisation. Often incorrectly referred to as the international standards organisation. An international organisation that is responsible for a wide range of standards, including those relevant to networking.
ISO(PROJECT GLOSSARY) International Standards Organisation
ISO-IEC(STANDARDS GLOSSARY) International Standards Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission
ISP(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) This is the standard abbreviation for the Interoperable Systems Project, which a number of companies are hoping will produce an international fieldbus. The main industry backers are Fisher-Rosemount, Yokogawa and Siemens.
JIT(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Just In Time. A manufacturing process that produces products just in time to meet orders, not for stock.
JV(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Joint Venture - A project has two or more investing companies.
KBS(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) A Knowledge Based System is a system which attempts to use a database to solve problems by inference. These are sometimes called expert systems.
LAN(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Local Area Networks are used to link up computers. The best known protocol for LANs is Ethernet.
LAN(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Local area network. A network covering a relatively small geographic area (usually not larger than a floor or small building).
LAT(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Local area transport. A network virtual terminal protocol developed by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Latency(NETWORK GLOSSARY) The amount of time between when a device requests access to a network and when it is granted permission to transmit.
Leased line(NETWORK GLOSSARY) A transmission line reserved by a communications carrier for the private use of a customer.
Letter of conformity(PROJECT GLOSSARY) A written statement that the goods supplied conform to a specification or sample.
Letter of intent(PROJECT GLOSSARY) A letter of intent is not a contract, it is a statement of intent to place a contract at some future date. No work should be performed unless the letter of intent specifically approves that work should start.
Lien(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Term used in T+C's - Refers to the transfer of ownership of the goods. Contractors want to ensure that the goods they are buying do not have a mortgage or similar restriction on their transfer.
Line driver(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Inexpensive amplifier/signal converter that conditions digital signals to insure reliable transmissions over extended distances.
Liquidated Damages(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Term used in T+C's - Where parties agree in advance the cash value of the damages for specific breach of contract. Usually late delivery.
LOC(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Letter Of Credit - This is a written undertaking by a bank on behalf of a buyer to pay a specified sum of money, in a specified time, provided the seller presents documents in accordance with the details of the letter of credit. This type of payment provides no guarantee of payment, the letter of credit can be withdrawn by the buyer or the funds not transferred when due. Â See also CLOC, ICLOC
LOI(PROJECT GLOSSARY) Letter of invitation: Written statement from a buyer to a seller to determine the suppliers interest in bidding for a contract.
LonWorks(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Local Operating Networks is another fieldbus, used by about 2,000 companies. The chips are made by Toshiba and Motorola for the German Echelon. They are then sold onto to various manufacturers.
Loop(CONTROL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY) Each DCS controls a number of loops. These consist of a measurement device, a controller and a valve. Each loop is composed of devices to control the flow of liquid at a particular point.
lsochronous transmission(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Asynchronous (start-stop) transmission over a synchronous data link.
MAC layer address(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Refer to hardware address or physical address.
MAC sublayer(NETWORK GLOSSARY) Media access control sublayer. The lower portion of the OSI reference model data link layer that Is concerned with media access issues, such as whether token passing or contention will be used.
