A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the haploid phase) of a bryophyte life cycle. When a moss first grows from the spore, it grows as a protonema which develops into a leafy gametophore. Hornworts do not have a protonemal stage, the spores germinate directly into a new Gametophyte genera...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonema
• (n.) The primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.
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http://thinkexist.com/dictionary/meaning/protonema/
(from the article `bryophyte`) The protonema, which grows directly from the germinating spore, is in most mosses an extensive, branched system of multicellular filaments that are ... ...The development of the moss gametophyte illustrates the transition from a filamentous to a highly organized three-dimensional growth form. The ... .....
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/p/124
Pro`to·ne'ma noun ;
plural Protonemata . [ New Latin , from Greek ... first + ..., ..., a thread.]
(Botany) The primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.
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http://www.encyclo.co.uk/webster/P/181
a primary, usually filamentous structure produced by the germination of the spore in mosses and certain related plants, and from which the leafy plant which bears the sexual organs arises as a lateral or terminal shoot.
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https://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/protonema
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