1) Type of soil 
In the geosciences, paleosol (palaeosol in Great Britain and Australia) can have two meanings. The first meaning, common in geology and paleontology, refers to a former soil preserved by burial underneath either sediments (alluvium or loess) or volcanic deposits (volcanic ash), which in the case of older deposits have lithified into rock. In Quate...
(from the article `Earth, geologic history of`) ...an oxygenous atmosphere. Yet, these minerals are well preserved in their original unoxidized state in conglomerates that have been dated to be ... ...accumulated primarily during times that were colder and drier than present, and most of it was derived from desert areas to the west. The...
An ancient, buried soil whose composition may reflect a climate significantly different from the climate now prevalent in the area where the soil is found.
A soil exhibiting features that are the result of some past conditions and processes.
Soil horizon from the geologic past.
Soil horizon from the geologic past.
Soil horizon from the geologic past.
An ancient soil or soil horizon that formed on the surface during the geologic past. 
A buried soil horizon of the geologic past.