Octonions are not as well known as the quaternions and complex numbers, which are much more widely studied and used. Despite this, they have some interesting properties and are related to a number of exceptional structures in mathematics, among them the exceptional Lie groups. Additionally, octonions have applications in fields such as string theo...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octonion
Also known as a Cayley number. Octonions are a non-associative generalization of the quaternions and the complex numbers involving numbers with one real coefficient and seven imaginary coefficients.
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http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/O/octonion.html
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