1) Something that disperses 
A dispersant or a dispersing agent or a plasticizer or a superplasticizer is either a non-surface active polymer or a surface-active substance added to a suspension, usually a colloid, to improve the separation of particles and to prevent settling or clumping. Dispersants consist normally of one or more surfactants, but may also be gases. ==Applic...
A chemical additive to water to improve particulate removability. 
in lubrication, a term usually used interchangeably with detergent. An additive, usually nonmetallic ('ashless'), which keeps fine particles of insoluble materials in a homogeneous solution. Hence, particles are not permitted to settle out and accumulate.
a substance added to cement that chemically wets the cement particles in the slurry, allowing the slurry to flow easily without much water. 
A chemical agent used to break up concentrations of organic material such as spilled oil. 
something that disperses. · any admixture to a dispersion capable of maintaining the dispersed particles in suspension.