1) Early Buddhist text 
The Ud{IAST|ā}navarga is an early Buddhist collection of topically organized chapters (varga) of aphoristic verses or `utterances` (Sanskrit: ud{IAST|ā}na) attributed to the Buddha and his disciples. While not part of the Pali Canon, the Ud{IAST|ā}navarga has many chapter titles, verses and an overall format similar to those found in the Pali.....