Roman cement is a substance developed by James Parker in the 1780s, and finally patented in 1796. It was, in fact, nothing like any material used by the Romans, but was a `Natural cement` made by burning septaria - nodules that are found in certain clay deposits, and that contain both clay minerals and calcium carbonate. The burnt nodules were g.....
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_cement
a term used to describe certain natural hydraulic limes produced by the calcination in a coal or coke fired kiln of limestone containing clay materials (principally silica and alumina). The name was apparently adopted in about 1800 because the red/brown colour and hardness resembled mortars of the Roman period.
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http://www.encyclo.co.uk/local/20934
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