1) Hebrew grammar 
Niphal is the name given to one of the seven major verb stems in biblical Hebrew. The designation Niphal comes from the form niph‘al for the verb pa‘al, `to do”. The nun (נ) prefix is characteristic of the QTL (perfect) conjugation, as well as of the participle. In the YQTL (imperfect) conjugation, the nun is (where possible) assimilated .....