1) Type of country subdivision 
A muḥāfaẓah (محافظة muˈħæːfazˤa; plu. محافظات muḥāfaẓāt muħæːfaˈzˤaːt) is a first-level administrative division of many Arab countries, and a second-level administrative division in Saudi Arabia. The term is usually translated to governorate in English, and occasionally to province. It comes from the Arabic root ...