1) Adult female 2) Head of household 3) Matriarch 4) Woman 1) Matriarch 
The woman who controlled how the house was run, even though women were under control of their husbands. 
Materfamilias: The female head of the family; the mother figure. Materfamilias is the Latin for mother of the household. It is compounded from mater (mother) + familias, which comes from familia (household), from famulus (servant, slave). The masculine counterpart is the paterfamilias.
Materfamilias is Latin for The mother of a family
materfamilias (s), matresfamilias (pl) 1. Literally, 'mother of the family'. 2. A woman described in her role as head of a household or as the mother of her children.