1) Ancient Semitic religion 
The term is used throughout the Quran in passages detailing the existence of God and of the beliefs of non-Muslims in other divinities. Notably, the first statement of the šahādah (the Muslim confession of faith) is, `there is no ʾilāh but al-Lāh`, that is, translated, `there is no deity except for Allah` or `there is no god except for t...