1) SS rank 
Gruppenführer (literally `group leader”) was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party, first created in 1925 as a senior rank of the SA.{sfn|McNab (II)|2009|p=15} ==SS rank== In 1930, Gruppenführer became an SS rank and was originally bestowed upon those officers who commanded SS-Gruppen and also upon senior officers of the SS command st.....