Geocoding (sometimes called forward geocoding) is the process of enriching a description of a location, most typically a postal address or place name, with geographic coordinates from spatial reference data such as building polygons, land parcels, street addresses, ZIP codes (postal codes) and so on. Geocoding facilitates spatial analysis using Ge...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocoding
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http://www.cryer.co.uk/glossary/g/index.htm
The conversion of features found on an analog map into a computer-digital form. In this process, the spatial location of the various features is referenced geographically to a coordinate system used in the computer's software system.
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http://www.physicalgeography.net/physgeoglos/g.html
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