1) Occitan literary genre 
An ensenhamen (Old Occitan; meaning `instruction` or `teaching`) was an Old Occitan didactic (often lyric) poem associated with the troubadours. As a genre of Occitan literature, its limits have been open to debate since it was first defined in the 19th century. The word ensenhamen has many variations in old Occitan: essenhamen, ensegnamen, en...