Effective stress is a force that keeps a collection of particles rigid. Usually this applies to sand, soil, or gravel. If you pinch a stack of coins between your fingers, the stack stays together. If you then loosen the pressure between your fingers, the coin stack falls apart. Similarly, a pile of sand keeps from spreading out like a liquid becau...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_stress
(from the article `solids, mechanics of`) ...soils and rocks often takes place in situations for which the deforming mass is infiltrated by groundwater, and Austrian-American civil engineer ...
Found on
http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/e/12
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