1) Chess variant 
Chaturaji (meaning `four kings`, and also known as choupat, IAST {IAST|Caupāṭ}, IPA) is a four player chess-like game. It was first described in detail c. 1030 by Biruni in his India book. Originally, this was a game of chance: the pieces to be moved were decided by rolling two dice. A diceless variant of the game was still played in India at.....