1) Sociological terminology 
`Asabiyya or asabiyah (Arabic: عصبية, ʻaṣabīya) refers to social solidarity with an emphasis on unity, group consciousness and sense of shared purpose, and social cohesion, originally in a context of `tribalism` and `clanism`. It was a familiar term in the pre-Islamic era, but became popularized in Ibn Khaldun`s Muqaddimah where it i...