Copy of `Bee Better - Garden glossary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

Bee Better - Garden glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Garden terms Date & country: 23/06/2018, UK Words: 553

Fruit Set or Setting Fruit
Initiation of fruit growth; pollination by wind or pollinators is required for fruit set

Frost Date
The dates designated by geographic location to determine the average first and last frost dates an area experiences. These dates are used as a guideline to determine a “safe” target planting date after the last frost of spring or before the first frost of fall.

Fragrant
Having a pleasing scent from a plant or plant parts.

Fragrant Garden
A fragrant garden is designed around fragrance. A fragrant garden can become a place to spend the evening with a glass of wine. The fragrance garden could also serve as your cutting garden, allowing you to bring these flowers inside to enjoy. Plant where the scent can be approached most–under a window, near the back patio, or the path leading to the front porch.

Fungus
A lower plant lacking chlorophyll which may attack green plants; mold, rust, mildew.

Furrow
A narrow groove or row made in soil for planting seed or bulbs, such as onions and garlic.

Fungicide
Fungi result in plant mold, rot, or even disease. Fungicides help to control fungi before they become one of those serious problems. Fungicides are either protectants or eradicants. A protectant fungicide is applied before a fungus is evident, essentially as a preventive measure. Fruit and vegetable crops are commonly treated with protectants. An eradicant is applied directly to a fungus and usually is needed when a protectant was not applied. Eradicants are useful, for instance, to stop a disease in its tracks in a fruit tree orchard where some of the trees suffer from the disease.

Gardening with Confidence Crepe MurderCrepe Murder
Crepe Murder is a copy-cat crime of improper pruning of Lagerstroemia spp.

Gazebo
A gazebo is a structure, either freestanding or attached to a garden wall, roofed, and open on all sides, to provide shade, shelter, or as an ornamental feature in a landscape.

Gardening with Confidence CompanionsCompanion plant
A companion plant, is a plant that goes well with another in terms of height, texture, color, or fragrance. This also can refer to two plants that benefit each other in terms of health, such as keeping insects away. A good example of companion plants is tomatoes and marigolds, with the marigolds reducing cutworms populations that attack tomatoes.

Gall
An abnormal swelling of plant tissue, caused by injury or by parasitic organisms such as insects, mites, nematodes, and bacteria. Parasites stimulate the production of galls by secreting chemical irritants on or in the plant tissue.

Garden
A garden is anything you want it to be.Create your style and a place that is a true expression of who you are.

Garden Conservancy
Garden Conservancy.

Gardening with Confidence Carl LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus
(1707-1778) Carl Linnaeus, Father of Taxonomic Botany

Germination
The transformation process of a seed developing into a young plant.

Genus
A hierarchical level in plant naming. Genus comes below family and before species.

Geotropism
The effect that gravity has on plants.

Gene:
Part or a chromosome that influences the development of plant; genes are inherited through sexual propagation. Genetic make up the sit of genes inherited from parent plants. Also, my neighbor.

Girdling
The removal of bark from around the entire circumference of a branch or trunk of a tree.

Girth
The size of something measured around the middle. When measuring a tree, it’s typically measured at check height.

Globe-Shaped
A round shape, usually in reference to a fruit or vegetable description.

GMO And Genetically Engineered
The term genetically modified organism, or GMO, refers to plants produced through genetic engineering. Genetic engineering uses molecular biology techniques to introduce new genes, or to eliminate or rearrange specific genes, in a plant (or any organism) to achieve desired traits. In short, it describes a biologically altered and cross-bred organism, usually by insertion (from another organism) of a gene that carries the desired traits via the process of genetic engineering, which is different from traditional crossing, or hybridization.

Ground Cover
Plants that are low growing to the ground.

Growth Habit
Used to describe a plant’s characteristic shape, height, fullness, or appearance such as upright or vining.

Greening-up
Greening up refers to plants and shrubs that are beginning to put out new growth in the spring.

Greens
A compost ingredient that is rich in nitrogen (sometimes abbreviated “N”); typically greens are fresh, moist materials, such as grass clippings, fresh green plant parts, fruit and vegetable scraps from the kitchen, coffee grounds, manure, organic fertilizers. Good compost contains a ratio of 3 parts browns to 1 part greens.

Graft
A type of propagation in which two separate plants are joined together to benefit from the ideal creatures of each. A good example, is grafting conifers on Abies firma.

Green Manure
Green manure refers to turning a cover crop into the soil.

Green Roof
A roof covered with living plant.s

Greenhouse
A building or “house” that is protected from the elements to winter-over tender plants or to start seeds.

Guttation
Guttation is the exudation of xylem sap that accumulate on the tips or edges of leaves of some vascular plants, such as grasses. Not to be confused with dew, which condenses from the atmospher onto the plant surface.

Gymnosperm
A vascular plant that produces seeds that are not protected in an ovary. A good example is conifers.

Hardscape
The nonliving or man-made fixtures of a planned outdoor area–walls, gazebos, paths, etc.

Hardy Annuals
Hardy annuals are annuals that complete their life cycle in one year, but are cold-hardy enough to take frost. They can be planted in fall in mild climates or earlier in spring while night temperatures are still frosty (such as pansies and snapdragons.)

Hardiness Zone
The ability for the plant to endure difficult conditions within their range. (See zone.)

Hardpan
A hardened impervious layer, typically of clay, occurring in or below the soil and impairing drainage and plant growth.

Hard Freeze
What occurs when the air temperature drops below 25 ºF for four or more consecutive hours. Many plants, even cool weather ones, have a hard time surviving a hard freeze and need to be protected via a row cover or cold frame.

Harden-off
Harden-off refers to the process of gradually acclimating young plants from being grown indoors. Too much sun, wind, and low humidity can damage seedlings slowly introduced to these outdoor conditions.

Ha-Ha
– A sunken wall or ditch with one side being a retaining wall, These were used in England to divide lands without interrupting the beauty of the landscape, yet keepings animals within their bounds.

Half-Hardy Perennial
Refers to perennial plants tolerant of some frost and whose roots come back the next growing season in a moderate climate, but that is not tolerant of severe cold weather; an example is Mexican tarragon.

Habit
Refers to how a mature plant carries itself.

Habitat
Areas which certain plants thrive.

Herb
Traditional references to an herb are any plant used as a medicine, seasoning, or fragrance.

Healing Garden
A healing garden is an outdoor therapeutic space designed to meet the healing needs of the people using the garden as well as their caregivers, family members and friends.

Heaving
Frost heaving or just heaving, is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice swelling towards the surface, often taking plants with it.

Heeling In
In the fall if you are not ready to plant recently purchased potted plants or bare-root trees, shrubs, and perennials you can heel them into a trench to winter-over. The word heeling in is derived from the word ‘helan’ which is kin to the word ‘hell” meaning to cover up. So heeling in for the winter is to cover up plants to protect them until the following spring.

Heirloom Plant
An heirloom plant, fruit, variety, or vegetable is an old cultivar that is still maintained by gardeners and farmers particularly in isolated or small farming communities. These may have been commonly grown during earlier periods in human history, but are not typically used in modern large-scale agriculture.

Herbaceous
Herbaceous perennials are those plants with soft tissues as opposed to woody stems. These plants also die back to the ground during cold winter months.

Herbicide
A selective herbicide is designed to kill only one type of plant in an area containing more plant varieties; an example is an herbicide that kills weeds growing among grass. Non-selective herbicides kill all plants in the application area, such as all types of plants growing between pavement cracks.

Herbivore
An animal that feeds on plants.

Hermaphrodite
One plant having both male and female organs; the breeding of hermaphrodites is hard to control

Hip
A hip, as in rose hip, is the fruit of the rose plant.

Hormone
Chemical substance that controls the growth and development of a plant. Root-inducing hormones help cuttings root.

Horticulture
The art or practice of garden cultivation and management.

Host
A host is a plant upon which an organism, such as an insect subsists. For example, the common milkweed is the host plant for the Monarch butterfly.

Honeydew
A sticky honey like substance secreted into foliage by aphids, scale and mealy bugs.

Horizontal
Parallel to the horizon, ground or floor.

Honey Flow
Also known as nectar flow, honey flow is a term used by beekeepers indicating that one or more major nectar sources are in bloom and the weather is favorable for bees to fly and collect the nectar in abundance.

Humidity
(Relative) Ratio between the amount of moisture in the air and the greatest amount of moisture the air could hold at the same temperature.

Humus
Dark, fertile partially decomposed plant or animal matter. Humus forms the organic portion of the soil.

Hygrometer
Instrument for measuring relative humidity in the atmosphere

Hydrated Lime
Instantly soluble lime, used to raise pH or sweeten soil.

Hydrogen
Light or colorless, odorless gas; hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.

Hydrophobic
lacking affinity for water; tending to repel or not to absorb water. Water very dry soil slowly with the nozzle moving side to side so the soil has a chance to hydrate, thus absorb.

Hybrid
An offspring from two plants of different breeds, variety or genetic makeup.

id_monarch_viceroyMüllerian Mimic
A Natural phenomenon in which two or more distasteful species, that may or may not be closely related and share one or more common predators, have come to mimic each other’s warning signals. It is named after the German naturalist Fritz Müller, who first proposed the concept in 1878.

IMG_0273Night-blooming Garden
A night-blooming garden is one that is creating to be appreciated in the evening, after working all day. This can be with white (and light colored) flowers, and those that scent is more pronounced in the evening like an flowering tobacco.

Invasive
An invasive species is a plant that is not native to a specific location (an Introduced species); and has a tendency to escape cultivation.

Introduced
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental.

Intensive Gardening Or Intensive Spacing
Planting crops closer together than the recommended spacing (found on plant tags and labels) to maximize available garden space. Reducing wasted space to interplant complementary crops, thereby increasing yields and reducing the need to weed.

Internode
A part of a plant stem between two of the nodes from which leaves emerging

Integrated Pest Management
IPM.

Insecticidal Soap
A soap formulated specifically to control insect pests; known for its insecticidal properties. Thanks to the potassium salt in the fatty acids the soap contains; insecticidal soaps don’t typically harm plants (unlike household soaps, which often have perfumes and other additives.) Soaps are most effective against soft-bodied insects such as aphids, young scales, mealybugs, and whiteflies; except for predatory mites, most beneficial insects aren’t hurt by insecticidal soap as long as they are not wet by the spray

Inbred
Inbred is a true breed offspring of plants ofthe same breed or ancestry.

Indeterminate
Referring to tomatoes where growth of the plant is isn’t limited.

Inert
Chemically non reactive; inert growing mediums make it easy to control the chemistry of the nutrient solution.

Inflorescence
This is the arrangement of blossoms on a stem and can refer to flowers growing in clusters or individually. An example is a cluster of lantana blooms.

Inoculant
A product containing Rhizobium bacteria, which helps legume crops, peas and beans, to fix or add nitrogen to soil. Inoculant improves yield of legumes; inoculant typically comes in a powder form that you add to soil at planting time; bacteria establish in soil; once established, you don’t need to add more

IRT Film
Infrared transmitting plastic (IRT) is laid as a mulch on the surface of soil to transmit infrared radiation, while blocking most light (similar to black plastic mulch. It is used to warm the soil in spring, especially in cold climates. IRT film is usually translucent brown or green.

JC Raulson Arboretum
JC Raulston Arboretum

June-Bearing
A description used for strawberries that produce fruit once mid-season, around June in the North, rather than multiple times (seeming continuous) throughout summer (i.e. everbearing)

Lath HouseLath House
Structure used to protect plants from the weather and to get them adjusted to the weather before planting them out in the garden.

Layering
The method or activity of propagating a plant by producing layers.

Larva
the active immature form of an insect, especially one that differs greatly from the adult and forms the stage between egg and pupa, e.g., a caterpillar or grub.

Lateral Bud
Aanother term for axillary bud. See above.

Lacewing
Beneficial insects that preys on aphids.

Lanky
Too-long stems often a result of not enough light; these stems are weak and tend to fall over

Leaves
The external part of a plant attached to branches and stems for the purpose of taking in light from the sun s energy, they do this with chloroplasts in the cells which contain chlorophyll.

Leggy
Abnormally tall internode space, with sparse foliage. Leggyness of a plant is usually caused by lack of blue light or CO2 too much nitrogen can also cause this.

Leaf Pattern or Attachment
The pattern by which leaves are attached to a stem or twig. There are two large groups, alternate and opposite patterns, and a third less common pattern, whorled.

Leaf Scorch
Leaf scorch, also called leaf burn, leaf wilt, and sun scorch, is defined as a browning of plant tissues, including leaf margins and tips, and yellowing or darkening of veins which may lead to eventual wilting and abscission of the leaf.

Leaf-out
When trees are putting out new leaf buds in the spring, it’s referred to as leaf-out.

Lean soil
Soil low in humus or rich organic matter, such as clay or sand, are considered lean.

Leader
The growing apex or main shoot of a shrub or tree.

Leaf curl
Leaf malformation due to over-watering over fertilization lack of magnesium, insect or fungus o or negative tropism.

Leach
Dissolve or wash out soluble components of soil by heavy watering.

Litmus Paper
Chemically sensitive paper used for testing pH.

Liner Plant
Is a horticultural term referring to trays of very young plants, usually grown for sale to retailers or wholesalers, who then grow them to a larger size before selling them to their consumer. . Liners are usually grown from seed, but may also be grown from cuttings or tissue culture. They are grown in plastic trays with many cells, each of which contains a single liner plant.

Liming
Adding lime (calcium carbonate) to soil to raise its pH and make it less acidic

Lime
Used in the form of dolomite or hydrated lime to raise and stabilize soil pH. Calcium carbonate, or garden lime, is a type of soil amendment used to raise soil pH. It comes in different forms; some forms are fast-acting, other takes months to shift pH some types are pelletized, others are fine and dusty; read product labels to buy the right type for your situation