Copy of `Parker County Master Gardener Association`

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Parker County Master Gardener Association Category: Agriculture and Industry > Herbiculture Date & country: 27/01/2014, USA Words: 444

Informal Bedding
A bed or border in which the plants are arranged in an irregular way without any attempt to create straight lines or geometrical patterns.

Hills
Raised mounds formed in a type of direct seeding. They are planted with several seeds per hill.

Hirsute
Covered with stiff or coarse hairs.

Hoe (Scuffle)
A tool operated in a to-and-fro motion with blade just below the soil surface.

Hot Caps
Small paper or plastic tents used for protecting young plants.

Hotbed
A bed of soil heated by fermenting material, hot water pipes or electric heating cables.

Herbarium
A collection of dried specimens and a research center. It is a special kind of museum.

Herbicide
Any compound, product or other gardening aid used to control, abate or kill unwanted plants.

Heteroecious
Refers to seed-bearing plants that die to the ground each year, commonly used when describing perennials.

High Light
For houseplants, east or west window, south window in winter, 500 to 1,000 foot-candles. High light for houseplants outdoors means 4 to 6 hours of direct sun, preferably morning.

High-Analysis Fertilizer
A fertilizer containing high proportions of nutrient elements.

Hardy
Able to withstand the coldest winter temperatures and the hottest summer temperatures in a given location without protection.

Harrow
To break up the soil surface by dragging over it an implement (harrow) designed for this purpose.

Haustorium
Root-like sucker of parasitic plants.

Heartwood
The harder and usually darker-colored wood that forms the interior portion of a tree trunk or branch.

Herbaceous Perennials
Plants that live from year to year without producing woody stems.

Half-Hardy
Able to withstand occasional light frost, but damaged or killed by prolonged exposure to subfreezing temperatures. The term is not precise because some half-hardy plants can be left outdoors in winter in mild regions of the country.

Hard Cut (Cut Back or Prune Hard)
Severely, as when cutting branches or trunks back by a half or more.

Hardware Cloth
Fine wire mesh.

Ha-Ha
A sunken fence, that is, a ditch with one slopping side and one vertical side into which is built a retaining wall, a ha-ha creates a barrier for animals while allowing an unbroken view of the landscape.

Gynoecium
The entire female portion of a flower.

Gymnosperms
All cone-bearing plants are in this category.

Growth Regulator
A chemical that speeds or slows growth.

Gugulio
An obelisk this is, a tapering column of stone, square or rectangular rather than cylindrical, and topped by a pyramid; often acting as a fountain.

Ground Color
The main or background color of a petal.

Gray Mold
A fungus disease characterized by the grayish moldy appearance of affected parts.

Graft Union
The point on the stem of a woody plant with sturdier roots where a stem from a highly ornamental plant is inserted so that it will join with it. (Examples: roses and fruit trees are commonly grafted).

Glabrous
Smooth, hairless.

Glade
Open, grassy area surrounded by woods.

Glaucous
Having a blue-green waxy surface (a bloom).

Glyphosate (Roundup)
A systemic weed and grass herbicide, has become popular because of its ability to kill persistent perennials such as bermudagrass and Johnsongrass. But glyphosate can kill plants if there is significant contact with leaves or green bark. Spray drift as well as direct spray contact is dangerous, so apply glyphosate or other contact herbicides when there is little or no wind and shield small plants.

Foliar
Of or about foliage-usually refers to the practice of spraying foliage, as in fertilizing or treating with insect-control aids; leaf tissues absorb liquid directly for fast results and the soil is not affected.

Formal Bedding
A bed or border in which the plants are arranged in a geometrical pattern.

Friable
Loose and crumbly.

Gall
An abnormal growth or swelling caused by insects, funguses or other organisms.

Gardening Aid
Any substance, product, material, insect, barrier, compound or control utilized by gardeners to achieve their goals. This includes fertilizers, beneficial insects, insect controls, weed controls, disease controls, baits and traps.

Flower Scape
A leafless flower stalk that grows directly from the soil (example- tulips).

Floret
A tiny flower, usually one of many forming a cluster.

Flaked
A flower with petals bearing broad stripes running inwards from the edges.

Flamed
A feathered petal that bears a distinct central band.

Floating Row Cover
A row cover made of material so light that when loosely draped over a row, the plants themselves push it upward as they grow.

Filling
Building up the level of low-lying land with material such as soil.

Fall
One of the outer petals of an iris.

Fangy
Forked (of roots).

Fastigiated
Narrow, with erect branches that are close together.

Feathered
A petal on which there are feather-like markings on a ground color that is distinctly different.

Fertilisation
The application of pollen to the stigma to induce the production of seed.

Filament
The supporting column of the anther. It is the lower part of the stamen.

Facultative Saprophyte
A fungus or other organism that ordinarily lives on dead organic material but has the ability to exist also as a parasite on living plants.

Eye of Seed
The point of attachment where the seed joins the ovary wall or placenta.

Embryo
The rudimentary plant within a seed.

Established
A newly planted tree, shrub or flower that has begun to produce new growth (either foliage or stems). This is an indication that the roots have recovered from transplant shock and have begun to grow and spread.

Elongation Root Zone
Zone behind the meristem of a root. In this area, cells increase in size through food and water absorption. These cells, by increasing in size, push the root through the soil.

Earth-Kind
To promote environmental awareness, Texas AgriLife Extension Service has implemented a program that combines the best organic and traditional gardening principles to create a new horticultural system. This is a system based on real-world effectiveness and environmental responsibility.

Early Blight
Fungal disease that causes lower leaves to turn bright yellow, then brown. Disease first appears about the time the first fruits start to ripen. Can quickly ruin the entire plant. Spray with fungicide.

Drift
A curved, soft-edged clump of plants; the most attractive, naturalistic planting pattern for large flowerbeds and borders.

Drilling
A type of direct seeding. Seeds are planted in straight lines at the proper depth, but two to three times closer than the plants ultimately will be spaced. When the seeds come up, the extras are thinned, leaving behind seedlings at the proper spacing. This technique is good if you don

Dry Soil Conditions
Achieved when the soil is allowed to dry (pencil or chopstick inserted two thirds into the pot is dry) before watering.

Direct Seeding
Planting seeds directly into the garden.

Disbud
To remove unwanted buds.

Dot Plant
A bulb grown singly or in a small group at the center of a bedding scheme where it is large enough and bold enough to act as a focal point.

Down
An undulating, trellis upland plain.

Diatomaceous Earth
A dust-like material (composed of the spiny shells of one-celled algae) that can be placed in a ring around a plant. Snails and slugs do not like to crawl across the tiny sharp particles and they tend to leave those plants alone.

Dibber
A blunt-ended wooden stick used to make holes in the soil for planting small bulbs.

Dicotyledons
A plant that has two seed leaves (examples - beans, peas).

Dieback
A process caused by disease or pests. It is the death of the tips of branches and shoots. It can progress until the whole plant dies.

Desiccation
Drying out of foliage tissues, usually due to drought or wind.

Dethatch
Process of removing dead stems that build up beneath lawn grasses.

Diatomaceous Cretaceous
Diatomaceous is the adjective of diatoms, a type of hard shelled algae. Cretaceous (from Latin create meaning 'chalk') and named for the extensive beds of chalk (calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates, principally coccoliths).

Defoliation
The premature falling off of leaves. May be caused by disease, insects or too much or too little moisture.

Cutting
Parts of a plant - can be a leaf, shoot, bud or roots that have been cut off and then used in propagation.

De-Eyeing
A technique that is used to produce a shorter and bushier plant by scraping out the center eye of the bulb.

Cut Back (Head Back)
To shorten a branch or stem, most often by pruning it to a point just above a bud or side shoot. Heading back involves removing the tip of a branch or stem to slow its growth or encourage bushiness.

Cropping
A harvesting practice. Only the lower leaves of leafy vegetables are regularly harvested, so the plant will continue to produce.

Cross-Pollination
Transference of pollen from the anthers of the flower of one plant to the stigma of the flower of another.

Cruciferous
Belonging to the mustard family. (Cruciferae).

Crust
A relatively dense/heavy soil surface which reduces emergence of seeds.

Cup
A corona that is broader than it is long.

Crock
A piece of broken flowerpot used at the bottom of a container to improve drainage.

Cordate
Heart-shaped.

Cormels
These are small buds that can develop around the base of a corm.

Cormlet
A small offset produced at the base of a corm.

Corolla
The petals of a flower, collectively.

Corona
A structure between the corolla and stamen that is found in plants (examples: in narcissuses, Passion-flowers).

County Agent/Extension Agent
Employee of a state

Compound Leaf
A leaf composed of two or more leaflets.

Compound Flower
A flower composed of florets.

Complementary Colors
Colors located opposite one another on an artist

Clump
A cluster, usually of trees, planted for visual effect in a landscape in the picturesque style.

Collar
The region on the backside of a leaf where the leaf blade and sheath are joined. Collars may be divided by the midrib or be continuous. Collar shapes vary from broad to narrow and may have straight or slanted borders.

Colloidal Clay
Clay composed of extremely fine (ultramicroscopic) particles.

Clinging
A way vines grow and attach to flat surfaces by using roots along their stems or holdfasts. They can cover the sides of building or walls without requiring a support.

Chelated Iron
Iron in a form immediately available to plants, often in a fertilizer used to treat iron chlorosis.

Chlorosis
An unhealthy yellowing of foliage resulting from a deficiency of chlorophyll.

Channeled Leaf
A leaf with a distinct V-shaped groove along its length.

Calyx
The outer circle of floral parts, composed of sepals.

Campanulate
Bell-shaped.

Canopy
The overhead branching area of a tree, including foliage.

Cell Pack
A lightweight tray of molded fiber or, more often, plastic that is divided into many small sections like a muffin tin. Commonly used to hold potting mix for starting seedlings in a greenhouse or under lights indoors.

Champain
An expanse of open, level countryside.