Copy of `Parker County Master Gardener Association`

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Parker County Master Gardener Association Category: Agriculture and Industry > Herbiculture Date & country: 27/01/2014, USA Words: 444

Xeriscape
This is a patented name that stands for a landscaping method that is based on low water volume and drought adaptable plants.

Xylem
A complex tissue in higher plants, consisting of tracheids or tracheae (or both) and usually also of wood fibers and parenchyma cells, which conveys water and serves as mechanical support; woody tissue.

N: P: K
Shorthand for the nitrogen, phosphate, and potash content of a fertilizer.

Woodland Garden
A garden established beneath trees. It may vary from partial to deep shade.

Worm
Any of numerous, small, elongate and slender creeping or crawling animals, usually soft-bodied, naked and limbless or nearly so.

Wound Dressing
A specially formulated material often called pruning paint, which is applied to tree wounds.

Wetting Agent
A substance added to water that increases its ability to wet surfaces, especially those that are waxy or oily.

Whorl
Leaves, petals or branches arranged in a ring.

Windbreak
A barrier between the garden and prevailing winds, which protects plants by decreasing the force of the wind hitting them. (Example: trees or large shrubs).

Weed Blocks (Weed-blocking Aid)
Any product that effectively blocks weeds from emerging when utilized according to label directions. This product is available at retailers, usually on rolls, and may be utilized in all types of gardening.

Vista
A long view into the countryside.

Wattle
A fence or wall made of intertwined branches.

Weed
An uninvited guest in gardens. Any plant growing in cultivated ground to the detriment of the crop or to the esthetic quality of the garden.

Weed (categories)
Each category can be controlled by specific weedkiller or herbicide.

Virus
A plant disease. An organism that is too small to be seen through a microscope and which is capable of causing malformation or discoloration of a plant. Most feared by growers because it is so difficult to control.

Viable
Capable of growing.

Vernation
The arrangement of the leaves of the budleaf (youngest leaf) and the surrounding sheath. A folded vernation has the leaves folded in a V-shape with the margins meeting, but not overlapping. A rolled vernation has the leaves curled such that the margins are overlapping.

Viability
The possibility of germination. Seeds vary in their time of viability from a few days to 20 years, if not hundreds of years. Storage conditions will affect the viability, the best being low temperatures and humidity.

Vegetative Reproduction
Division, cutting, grafting and layering as distinct from sexual reproduction by seeds.

Understock
The root system and base stems of plants upon which other plants are grafted.

Variegated
Leaves that are marked with multiple colors.

Variety
One of possibly many closely related plant species. The variety name is usually in Latin.

Variety Name
This is the scientific name or botanical name of a specific plant. The name is in italic print.

Vegetative Propagation
Propagation by means other than seeds or spores.

Tussie Mussie
These were popular nosegay potpourri creations in the Victorian era.

Tuteur
Tapering four-sided trellis. Tuteurs are pure vertical presences, narrow towers that soar upward in the garden.

Twining
A way vines climb by wrapping their stems, leaves or tendrils around a support.

Umbel
A flower head with branches arranged like the ribs of an umbrella.

Underplanting
Growing short plants such as a groundcover under taller plants. Under taller trees, some small shrubs could be used as an underplanting.

Tubercles
Small tubes or tuber like bodies.

Tuberous
Having tubers.

Tuberous Root
A bulbous plant with a storage organ that is a swollen root. The buds are borne at the top of the roots.

Tufa
The calcareous (chalking, containing calcium carbonate) and siliceous (flinty, containing silica) deposits of springs, lakes or ground water; also a rock composed of compacted volcanic ash.

Tunic
A dry and often papery covering of corms and some bulbs.

Tuber
A flat underground stem that stores food and plant energy and from which a plant grows. (Example of a tuber is a potato).

Truss
A compact cluster of flowers.

Transpiration
The release of moisture through the leaves of a plant.

Transplant
Small plant for sale in nurseries.

Transplant
The process of digging up a plant and moving it to another location.

Treated Seeds
Seeds that have been protected against diseases. They can be toxic.

True Bulb
Consists of a compressed stem and a growing point or flower bud enclosed with thick, fleshy, modified leaves.

Trade Name
An arbitrary name created by a nursery or some other organization to distinguish it from all others

Trace Elements
Chemical elements present in exceedingly small quantities in the soil.

Topdressing
A process that means to apply on the surface of soil. Usually referring to the spreading of organic material such as mulch, ground bark, manure, compost or fertilizer.

Topiary
The horticultural art of clipping, pruning and training certain woody plants into formal shapes. (Examples - geometric shapes, interesting patterns or animals).

Topsoil
The top layer of native soil. This term may also apply to good quality soil sold at nurseries and garden centers.

Till
Top dig or cultivate soil to prepare it for planting.

Tilth
The physical condition of the soil in relation to the plant growth, the results of tillage.

Tip Cutting
A cutting taken from the tip (top) end of a shoot.

Tolerant Carrier (of disease)
Plants that carry certain diseases but are not seriously harmed by them.

Thinning
If a fruit tree sets excessive amounts of fruit in one year, selective thinning will produce higher quality produce.

Thinning
Removing excess seedlings, to allow sufficient room for the remaining plants to grow. Thinning also refers to removing entire branches from a tree or shrub to give the plant a more open structure.

Theatre
Tiers or terraces in a hillside, resembling the concave formation of seats in a classical outdoor theatre.

Thatch
The layer of dead stems that builds up under many lawn grasses. Thatch should be removed periodically to promote better water and nutrient penetration into the soil.

Tendril
The twisting, clinging, slender growth on many vines that allows the plants to attach themselves to a support or trellis.

Tepal
The proper name of the

Terrestrial
A plant that grows in the soil as opposed to aquatic or perched on trees.

Texas SmartScape
This program provides information on growing beautiful plants in the landscape that require less pesticide, fertilizer and water. This will help you provide a beneficial ecological impact on native wildlife, with the bonus of saving time and money. This helps developers and homeowners learn how to reduce the use of water, pesticides and fertilizers by landscaping with native and adapted plants. Texas SmartScape is available online at txsmartscape.com.

Systemic
A pesticide that can be granular or liquid used at the base of the plant or on the leaves and travels through the vascular stream. This chemical is absorbed directly into a plants system to either kill feeding insects on the plant or to kill the plant itself.

Tap Root
The single main, thick root growing straight down from a plant (not all plants have tap roots).

Temporary Branch
A branch usually originating from the trunk that is removed by pruning after permanent branches have been selected.

Tender
Plants that are unable to endure frost or freezing temperatures.

Sulfur
An element or nutrient usually added to the soil to reduce its pH level or make it more acidic, often added in combination with iron. Also used as an insecticide and fungicide.

Sun (Sunlight Requirement)
Full-sun, at least six to eight hours per day.

Sun Scald (Sun Scorch)
Spots on leaves that are caused by exposure to strong sunlight.

Swoe
A type of scuffle hoe.

Succulent Growth
The sometimes-undesirable production of fleshy tender leaves or stems that result from over fertilization.

Sucker
A growth originating from the rootstock of a grafted plant, rather than the desired part of the plant. Sucker growth should be removed, so it does not draw energy from the plant.

Sulfur
(Major Nutrient) Plant growth is weak when there is sulfur deficiency. While sulfur is an essential element for plant growth, most individuals have difficulty detecting a distinct deficiency symptom for this element.

Succulent
Plants that have leaves and/or stems that are thick and fleshy. They often have waxy outer layers that allow plants to retain and store water efficiently.

Stunt Virus
A virus disease that causes the stunting of a plant.

Style
The part of the pistil between the ovary and stigma.

Subsidence
The sinking or settling of soil to a lower level.

Subsoil
The bed or stratum of weathered material that underlies the surface soil.

Subtropical
Very specific area, 5 to 10-degrees higher in latitude than the Tropic of Cancer, or of the Tropic of Capricorn.

Streaked (Striped)
A flower with colored bands along the petals.

Stolon
A runner or rootstock used to propagate (usually used for grasses).

Stolon (Stolen)
A slender branch or shoot developing a bud and root at the tip or at both node and tip that roots and produces new plants. Sometimes called an offset.

Storage Organ
The basic feature of a bulbous plant

Stratification of Seed
A process whereby seeds are kept cold and moist for a period before germination.

Strawberry Jar
A tall pot with small side pockets for planting as well as the usual top opening.

Stigma
This is the part of the female organ of the flower that receives the pollen.

Stock
The part of a grafted plant that provides the roots but should never be allowed to sprout and grow.

Stock Plants
Plants retained for purposes of propagation.

Standard
One of the inner petals of an iris.

Stem-Root
Roots that develop from a stem.

Stems
Structures that support buds and leaves and serve as conduits for carrying water, minerals and sugars. The three major internal parts of a stem are the xylem, phloem and cambium. The xylem and phloem are the major components of a plant

Spur
A compressed fruiting branch.

Staking
The practice of driving a stake into the ground next to and as a support for a plant. When attaching the plant to the stake, be sure that it is tied loosely so it does not strangle the stem. When staking a potted plant, the stake can be set into the planter before the plant is added.

Stamen
The male organ of a flower.

Staminate
Having stamens (usually applied only to flowers without pistils).

Standard
A plant that does not normally grow as a tree but is trained into a tree-like form (examples - roses, hibiscus, Butterfly Bush). This is done strictly for esthetics.

Spike
A flower structure in which individual flowers are clustered along a vertical stem.

Spore
The reproductive cell of non-flowering plants (examples - ferns, fungi and mosses). These plants do not produce seeds.

Sprig
A piece of a stolen (underground stem) used in the propagation of some lawn grasses.

Spent
Bulbs and flowers of a plant that have finished blooming. This is the time to deadhead them.

Sphagnum Moss
Many mosses native to bogs are sphagnum. Used for the lining of hanging baskets and for air layering (example

Spices
Seeds, fruits or roots used to flavor cooking. Often used in potpourri or in simmering potpourri.

Sooty Mold
Several insect pests will release honeydew, a sticky substance where mold can grow, (thus the black coloring). Most associated with aphids.

Spadix
A fleshy spike in which small flowers are embedded.