Copy of `Biocontrol - Pest glossary`

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Biocontrol - Pest glossary Category: Animals and Nature > Biological Control Date & country: 24/11/2013, USA Words: 137

Exoskeleton
A skeleton or supportive structure on the outside of an insect body.

Exotic
Introduced from another country or continent (e.g., introduced insect pest).

Family
A taxonomic subdivision of an order, containing a group of related genera. Family names end in -idae.

Forewing
The first or anterior pair of insect wings.

Elytra
The thickened or leathery front or forewings of insects such as beetles.

Encapsulation
The surrounding of an invading body, such as the egg of a parasite, by insect hemocytes (blood cells) and the formation of a protective capsule.

Entomopathogenic
Insect-attacking organism.

Environmental impact quotient (EIQ)
A relative value that estimates the environmental impact of a pesticide, by taking into account toxicity to natural enemies, wildlife, and humans, degree of exposure, aquatic and terrestrial effects, soil chemistry, etc.

Diapause
A physiological state of arrested metabolism, growth, and development that occurs at a particular stage in the life cycle of an organism.

Dormancy
A recurring period in the life cycle of an organism when growth, development, and reproduction are suppressed.

Ecology
The study of an organism's interrelationship with its environment.

Economic threshold
see Action threshold.

Contact poison
A pesticide that is absorbed through the body wall, as opposed to one that must be ingested.

Cucurbits
Vine crops such as cucumbers, melons, squash, and pumpkins.

Cultural control
Pest management practices that rely upon manipulation of the cropping environment (e.g., cultivation of weeds harboring insect pests).

Density (insect populations)
The number of insects per unit of measure (e.g., beetles per square meter).

Cocoon
A silken case formed by an insect larva for pupation.

Cole crops
Crops such as cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and other crucifers.

Complete metamorphosis
Type of insect development characterized by four distinct stages

Conservation
Any biological control practice designed to protect and maintain populations of existing natural enemies.

Classical biological control
The importation of foreign natural enemies to control previously introduced, or native, pests.

Class
A category of the classification scheme of living organisms ranking below a phylum and above an order (e.g., Insecta).

Biorational
Having a minimal disruptive influence upon the environment and its inhabitants (e.g., a biorational insecticide). Broad-spectrum (insecticide)

Bt
The bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis.

Caterpillar
The immature stage (larva) of a butterfly, moth, or sawfly.

Chemical control
Pest management practices which rely upon the application of synthetic or naturally-derived pesticides.

Augmentation
Biological control practices intended to increase the number or effectiveness of existing natural enemies.

Bacterium
A single-celled microscopic plant-like organism that does not produce chlorophyll.

Beak
Colloquial expression for the protruding mouthpart structures of a sucking insect (= proboscis).

Biological control
The use of living organisms, such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens, to control pest insects, weeds, or diseases. Typically involves some human activity.

Agroecosystem
A relatively artificial ecosystem in an agricultural field, pasture, or orchard.

Antenna, Antennae (pl.)
A pair of sensory organs located on the head of an insect, above the mouthparts.

Aorta
The front-most, non-pulsating portion of the dorsal blood vessel of an insect.

Arthropod
Any of the invertebrate animals (such as insects, spiders, or crustaceans) having an exoskeleton, a segmented body and jointed limbs.

Abdomen
The last of the three major body divisions of an insect.

Action threshold
The pest density at which a control tactic must be implemented to avoid an economic loss.

Active ingredient (AI)
The component of a pesticide formulation responsible for the toxic effect.