Copy of `Extension - Goat glossary`

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Extension - Goat glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Goats Date & country: 21/09/2013, USA Words: 225

yearling
A male or female sheep or goat that is between 1 and 2 years of age.

zoonosis or zoonotic
Any animal disease that can be spread to humans.

wean
To separate nursing offspring from their mothers so that they no longer receive milk.

weaner or weanling
An animal that has been weaned from its mother or has stopped suckling its mother. WETHER

white muscle disease
Problem in young goats caused by a deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E. It causes kids to be weak at birth and shortly after birth. The condition impairs the animals ability to transport oxygen properly and if not treated can result in death within 48 hrs of birth.

wattle
A small fleshy appendage attached on or near the throat area of the goat and which serves no known function.

vaginal prolapse
The protrusion of the vagina in ewes or does during late pregnancy.

vein
Blood vessels in the body that carry blood towards the heart.

virulence
The ability a microorganism has to cause an infection or disease. Microorganisms which have the ability to cause more severe disease are said to be highly virulent.

wasty
a:) Too much fat on the carcass; b:) An animal that has a paunchy-middle.

urethroscopy
An examination of the urethra using an endoscope.

urinary calculi
A metabolic disease of males characterized by the formation of stones within the urinary tract. It is caused primarily by an imbalance of dietary calcium and phosphorus.

uroliths or urolithiasis
Describing a variety of stones that are found in the urinary system. These include kidney and bladder stones.

vaccine
A biological product that is injected into an animal to stimulate an immunity to a particular disease.

toxoid
An immunizing agent against toxins produced by bacteria. Most often form of immunity to tetanus.

trace minerals(tm)
Minerals that are required in very small amounts.

udder
The mammary gland of sheep and goats that secretes-milk.

upgrade
The process of grading up from a commercial animal to a specific breed through the use of backcrossing. This results in animals that are often referred to as percentage or full blood animals by breed associations.

total digestible nutrients (tdn)
A measure used to indicate the energy in a feed or of how much energy an animal requires.

toxemia
Generalized poisoning, due to soluble (usually bacterial) toxins entering the bloodstream.

toxin
Any poisonous substance of biological origin.

teaser
A male that has been vasectomized and is used to indicate which females are in estrus.

tetanus
Also called Lock Jaw is a condition caused by poisons produced by Clostridium tetani which is a bacterium found in the soil. Symptoms usually appear within 7 to 14 days of exposure and include stiffness and soreness that progresses through the body until the whole body is paralyzed within 48 hrs of first appearance.

stylish (tracking)
An animal possessing an attractive, pleasing conformation or way of movement.

subcutaneous (sq) injections
Insertion of the needle just under the skin and not into the muscle. This is important because SQ injectables are designed for a slower rate of absorption.

tapeworms
Long, ribbon-like segmented flatworms that can inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals.

tattoo
Permanent identification of animals produced by placing ink under the skin, generally in the ear, or in the tail web (of the LaMancha goat) using a tattoo gun with digital (sharp needle-like) numbers.

standing heat
The period in which the doe or ewe will stand still and accept the male for breeding.

stillbirth
A fetus born dead. There can be many possible causes some related to disease others due to nutrition or conditions in the uterus at or before the birth process starts.

stocking rate (per acre)
The number of animals that can be pastured on one acre, or the number of acres required to pasture one animal.

structural correctness
Free from any conformational abnormalities which includes the skeleton, feet, and legs of the animal.

stanchion
A device for restraining a goat by the neck for the purpose of feeding, milking, hoof trimming or artificial insemination.

smooth-mouth
An animal that has lost all of its permanent incisors, usually at 7 or more years of age.

soremouth
A highly contagious, (also to humans), viral infection that causes scabs around the mouth, nostrils, and eyes and may affect the udders of lactating does.

soundness
When an animal is free from disease and lacks structural defects that affect its usefulness.

spanish
A breed of goat that was identified in the South West part of the country and is believed to have originated from goats brought over by the Spanish explorers in the 1700

septicaemia
A serious infection in which the bloodstream is invaded by large numbers of causal bacteria which multiply there.

service
Mating.

settled
A female that is pregnant.

sickle-hocked
Condition when an animal has too much angle or set to the hock. This condition, when viewed from the side is identified as the animal having their feet too far under the animal while the hock is in the correct position behind the animal.

sire
Male parent.

skin tent
When the skin of an animal is gently pinched and pulled outward. A dehydrated animal's skin will not rapidly return to its normal position or shape.

scrotum
The skin sac or bag containing the testicles of a male animal.

scurs
A rudimentary horn. A small rounded portion of horn tissue attached to the skin of the horn pit of a polled animal.

second cross
Progeny resulting from the mating of true half-breeds and a distinct breed.

scale
A device used to weigh animals, feed etc.

scours
Diarrhea.

scrapie
Scrapie is a fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system, one of the class of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs).

rumination
The process of regurgitating food to be re-chewed.

rump
The area between the hip bones and the tail head.

savanna
Breed of meat goats that originated from South Africa. This breed states that the goats are hardier than some other breeds and have good muscle traits. For more information please see the breeds section in the goat Community of Practice area.

rugged
Big and strong.

rumen
The large first compartment of a ruminant's stomach containing a microbial population that is capable of breaking down forages and roughages.

rumenocentesis (rumen tap)
When the rumen contents are collected by inserting a needle into the rumen.

ruminant
Animals that have a four-compartment stomach (rumen or paunch, reticulum or honeycomb, omasum or manyplies, and abomasum or true stomach).

registered
A goat whose birth and ancestry has been recorded by a registry association.

reticulum
The second compartment of the ruminant

rotational grazing
A system by which livestock are allotted to a certain grazing or browsing area for a certain period of time before they are moved to another area.

roughage
A high fiber, low total digestible nutrient feed consisting of coarse bulky plants or plant parts; dry or green feed with over 18% crude fiber.

rectal prolapse
When a portion of the rectum protrudes from the anus.

quarantine
To confine and keep an animal away from the rest of the herd or flock to prevent the spread of disease.

rack (meat term)
refers to the rib section of the carcass along the back. This is one of the highest value cuts on a goat and is often used as a roast.

raddle (marker)
Paint or crayon applied to the male

ration
The total feed given to an animal during a 24-hour period.

recessive gene
A gene which must be present on both chromosomes in a pair to show outward signs of a certain characteristic.

proximal
A structure that is nearer the main body. For example, the three bones in the foot are designated by the terms proximal, middle, and distal depending on their location relative to the main body.

puberty
When an animal becomes sexually mature. This occurs around 4 months of age in most goat breeds.

purebred
An individual whose parents are of the same breed and can be traced back to the establishment of that particular breed through the records of a registry association.

purulent
A term describing pus-like discharge or infection.

prognosis
The chances of an animal having a normal quality of life following a disease or problem. This is reported using the words poor, fair, good, or excellent.

prolapse
An interior organ pushing outside of the body cavity.

prolific
Tendency to produce many offspring.

protein
A nutrient required for growth and the repair of body tissue.

protein supplement
A feed that contains a high density of protein and is used to supply additional protein in the ration.

placentitis
Abnormal inflammation of the placenta, usually due to infectious disease.

polled
Naturally hornless.

postpartum
Occurring after birth.

ppm
Parts per million.

prepartum
Occurring before birth.

primal cuts
Also called wholesale cuts the original cuts resulting from the first division of the fore and hind saddle of lamb or mutton.

progeny
Offspring.

photoperiod
Length of day (or length of period that that artificial light is provided). This also can be expressed as a ratio of daylight to darkness.

placenta
the membranes that surround the fetus while it is in the uterus. This is also referred to as the afterbirth at parturition.

ph
How much acid or how much base is in a sample. The lower the pH of a substance, the more acidic the sample. Conversely, the higher the pH, the more basic the sample. A pH of 7 is considered neutral. Normal rumen pH should be around 6-7, depending on the ration being fed.

phenotype
The visible or measurable result of genotype and environment. The phenotype includes an animal's external appearance, measures of its productivity and its physiological characteristics.

performance data
Information related to the growth rate of the goat. This often will include birth to weaning data and adjusted weaning weights. It correctly refers to any weight and animal gain data available on an animal.

peritonitis
Inflammation of the internal surface of the abdomen. This condition is often the result of infections and certain diseases.

pelt
The skin of a goat.

pencil shrink
A percentage adjustment in live weight, generally between 2 and 4 percent, which is subtracted to ensure that responsibility for weight loss during transport is shared by the buyer and seller.

parturition
The process of giving birth.

passive immunity
Acquiring the protection against infectious disease from another animal. This commonly occurs when a newborn consumes antibody-rich colostrum from its mother. Failure to consume sufficient colostrum increases the animal

paternal
Pertaining to the father or sire.

pedigree
A listing of the ancestors of an animal that generally goes back 4 to 8 generations. It is often used to prove parentage for registration in a breed association. A shorter list can be used by producers to trace parentage of animals on their farm.

parrot or overshot mouth
An animal that has the lower jaw shorter than the upper jaw and the lower teeth hit the back of the dental pad. This is disqualifying feature for confirmation.

over-conditioned
An animal that is excessively fat often due to over feeding.

overshot or parrot mouth
An animal that has the lower jaw shorter than the upper jaw and the lower teeth hit the back of the dental pad. This is disqualifying feature for confirmation.

palatable or palatability
The taste and texture of forage and feed. A forage that is highly palatable has a pleasant taste and texture to livestock.

parasite
An organism which lives on or in another living organism (host) at the expense of the latter.

necropsy
To examine an animal after death to determine the cause of death.

non-protein nitrogen (npn)
Feed ingredient that is not a protein, but contains nitrogen (urea) that can be converted by the animal into protein (with enough energy).