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HUD.GOV - Loan and finance glossary Category: Economy and Finance > Loans and finance terms Date & country: 30/05/2011, USA Words: 356

Recorder
the public official who keeps records of transactions concerning real property. Sometimes known as a "Registrar of Deeds" or "County Clerk."

REALTOR?
a real estate agent or broker who is a member of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS, and its local and state associations.

Real Property
land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.

Real Estate Property Tax Deduction
a tax deductible expense reducing a taxpayer's taxable income.

Real Estate Agent
an individual who is licensed to negotiate and arrange real estate sales; works for a real estate broker.

Risk Scoring
an automated way to analyze a credit report verses a manual review. It takes into account late payments, outstanding debt, credit experience, and number of inquiries in an unbiased manner.

Risk Based Pricing
Fee structure used by creditors based on risks of granting credit to a borrower with a poor credit history.

Risk Based Capital
an amount of capital needed to offset losses during a ten-year period with adverse circumstances.

Right of First Refusal
a provision in an agreement that requires the owner of a property to give one party an opportunity to purchase or lease a property before it is offered for sale or lease to others.

Sale Leaseback
when a seller deeds property to a buyer for a payment, and the buyer simultaneously leases the property back to the seller.

Settlement Statement
a document required by the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA). It is an itemized statement of services and charges relating to the closing of a property transfer. The buyer has the right to examine the settlement statement 1 day before the closing. This is called the HUD 1 Settlement Statement.

Settlement
another name for closing.

Setback
the distance between a property line and the area where building can take place. Setbacks are used to assure space between buildings and from roads for a many of purposes including drainage and utilities.

Servicing
the collection of mortgage payments from borrowers and related responsibilities of a loan servicer.

Servicer
a business that collects mortgage payments from borrowers and manages the borrower's escrow accounts.

Serious Delinquency
a mortgage that is 90 days or more past due.

Seller Take Back
an agreement where the owner of a property provides second mortgage financing. These are often combined with an assumed mortgage instead of a portion of the seller's equity.

Security
the property that will be pledged as collateral for a loan.

Secured Loan
a loan backed by collateral such as property.

Secondary Mortgage Market
the buying and selling of mortgage loans. Investors purchase residential mortgages originated by lenders, which in turn provides the lenders with capital for additional lending.

Second Mortgage
an additional mortgage on property. In case of a default the first mortgage must be paid before the second mortgage. Second loans are more risky for the lender and usually carry a higher interest rate.

Special Forbearance
a loss mitigation option where the lender arranges a revised repayment plan for the borrower that may include a temporary reduction or suspension of monthly loan payments.

Stripped MBS (SMBS)
securities created by "stripping" or separating the principal and interest payments from the underlying pool of mortgages into two classes of securities, with each receiving a different proportion of the principal and interest payments.

Stockholders' Equity
the sum of proceeds from the issuance of stock and retained earnings less amounts paid to repurchase common shares.

Survey
a property diagram that indicates legal boundaries, easements, encroachments, rights of way, improvement locations, etc. Surveys are conducted by licensed surveyors and are normally required by the lender in order to confirm that the property boundaries and features such as buildings, and easements are correctly described in the legal description of the property.

Subordinate
to place in a rank of lesser importance or to make one claim secondary to another.

Sub-Prime Loan
"B" Loan or "B" paper with FICO scores from 620 - 659. "C" Loan or "C" Paper with FICO scores typically from 580 to 619. An industry term to used to describe loans with less stringent lending and underwriting terms and conditions. Due to the higher risk, sub-prime loans charge higher interest rates and fees.

Sweat Equity
using labor to build or improve a property as part of the down payment

Terms
The period of time and the interest rate agreed upon by the lender and the borrower to repay a loan.

Third Party Origination
a process by which a lender uses another party to completely or partially originate, process, underwrite, close, fund, or package the mortgages it plans to deliver to the secondary mortgage market.

Title Search
a check of public records to be sure that the seller is the recognized owner of the real estate and that there are no unsettled liens or other claims against the property.

Title Insurance
insurance that protects the lender against any claims that arise from arguments about ownership of the property; also available for homebuyers. An insurance policy guaranteeing the accuracy of a title search protecting against errors. Most lenders require the buyer to purchase title insurance protecting the lender against loss in the event of a title defect. This charge is included in the closing ...

Title Defect
an outstanding claim on a property that limits the ability to sell the property. Also referred to as a cloud on the title.

Title Company
a company that specializes in examining and insuring titles to real estate.

Title 1
an FHA-insured loan that allows a borrower to make non-luxury improvements (like renovations or repairs) to their home; Title I loans less than $7,500 don't require a property lien.

Title
a legal document establishing the right of ownership and is recorded to make it part of the public record. Also known as a Deed.

Truth-in-Lending
a federal law obligating a lender to give full written disclosure of all fees, terms, and conditions associated with the loan initial period and then adjusts to another rate that lasts for the term of the loan.

Trustee
a person who holds or controls property for the benefit of another.

Treasury Index
can be used as the basis for adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) It is based on the results of auctions that the U.S. Treasury holds for its Treasury bills and securities.

Transfer Taxes
State and local taxes charged for the transfer of real estate. Usually equal to a percentage of the sales price.

Transfer of Ownership
any means by which ownership of a property changes hands. These include purchase of a property, assumption of mortgage debt, exchange of possession of a property via a land sales contract or any other land trust device.

Transfer Agent
a bank or trust company charged with keeping a record of a company's stockholders and canceling and issuing certificates as shares are bought and sold.

Two Step Mortgage
an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) that has one interest rate for the first five to seven years of its term and a different interest rate for the remainder of the term.

Underwriting
the process of analyzing a loan application to determine the amount of risk involved in making the loan; it includes a review of the potential borrower's credit history and a judgment of the property value.

Up Front Charges
the fees charged to homeowners by the lender at the time of closing a mortgage loan. This includes points, broker's fees, insurance, and other charges.

Variance
a special exemption of a zoning law to allow the property to be used in a manner different from an existing law.

Variable Expenses
Costs or payments that may vary from month to month, for example, gasoline or food.

VA Mortgage
a mortgage guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

VA (Department of Veterans Affairs)
a federal agency, which guarantees loans made to veterans; similar to mortgage insurance, a loan guarantee protects lenders against loss that may result from a borrower default.

Vested
a point in time when you may withdraw funds from an investment account, such as a retirement account, without penalty.

Warranty Deed
a legal document that includes the guarantee the seller is the true owner of the property, has the right to sell the property and there are no claims against the property.

Walk Through
the final inspection of a property being sold by the buyer to confirm that any contingencies specified in the purchase agreement such as repairs have been completed, fixture and non-fixture property is in place and confirm the electrical, mechanical, and plumbing systems are in working order.

Zoning
local laws established to control the uses of land within a particular area. Zoning laws are used to separate residential land from areas of non-residential use, such as industry or businesses. Zoning ordinances include many provisions governing such things as type of structure, setbacks, lot size, and uses of a building.

A Loan or "A" Paper
a credit rating where the FICO score is 660 or above. There have been no late mortgage payments within a 12-month period. This is the best credit rating to have when entering into a new loan.

B Loan or "B" Paper
FICO scores from 620 - 659. Factors include two 30 day late mortgage payments and two to three 30 day late installment loan payments in the last 12 months. No delinquencies over 60 days are allowed. Should be two to four years since a bankruptcy. Also referred to as Sub-Prime.

C Loan or "C" Paper
FICO scores typically from 580 to 619. Factors include three to four 30 day late mortgage payments and four to six 30 day late installment loan payments or two to four 60 day late payments. Should be one to two years since bankruptcy. Also referred to as Sub - Prime.