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 Talk Talk - Communication terms
Category: General technical and industrial
Date & country: 28/05/2010, UK
Words: 18630


Bergman, Ingrid
Swedish-born actor. Having moved to the USA in 1939 to appear in David O Selznick's remake of the Swedish film Intermezzo (1936) in which she had first come to prominence, she went on to appear in such Hollywood classics as Casablanca (1942), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943), G...

beriberi
Nutritional disorder occurring mostly in the tropics and resulting from a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine). The disease takes two forms: in one oedema (waterlogging of the tissues) occurs; in the other there is severe emaciation. There is nerve degeneration in both forms and many victims succumb to heart failure

Bering Sea
Section of the Pacific Ocean north of the Aleutian Islands, between Siberia and Alaska; area 2.28 million sq km/880,000 sq mi. It connects with the Chukchi Sea, to the north, via the Bering Strait, extending for 87 km/54 mi from east–west, between the Chukchi Peninsula of Siberia and the Seward Peninsula of Alaska. It is named afte...

Berkeley, Lennox Randal Francis
English composer. His works for the voice include The Hill of the Graces (1975), verses from Spenser's Faerie Queene set for eight-part unaccompanied chorus; and his operas Nelson (1954) and Ruth (1956)

Berkeley
City in Alameda County, central California, USA, 10 km/6 mi north of Oakland, on the northeastern side of San Francisco Bay; population (2000 est) 102,700. It has an industrial waterfront, but is best known as the main campus of the University of California (1868) and for nuclear research at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. During the 1960...

Berlin
(city) Click images to enlargeIndustrial city, administrative region (German Land) and capital of Germany, lying on the River Spree; population (2003...

Berlin, Congress of
Congress of the European powers (Russia, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, the UK, France, Italy, and Germany) held in Berlin in 1878 to determine the boundaries of the Balkan states after the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–78

Bermuda Triangle
Sea area bounded by Bermuda, Florida, and Puerto Rico, which gained the nickname `Deadly Bermuda Triangle` in 1964 when it was suggested that unexplained disappearances of ships and aircraft were exceptionally frequent there. Analysis of the data has not confirmed the idea

Bernadotte, Count Folke
Swedish diplomat and president of the Swedish Red Cross. In 1945 he conveyed Nazi commander Heinrich Himmler's offer of capitulation to the British and US governments, and in 1948 was United Nations mediator in Palestine, where he was assassinated by Israeli Stern Gang guerrillas. He was a nephew of Gustaf VI of Sweden

Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste Jules
Marshal in Napoleon's army who in 1818 became Charles XIV of Sweden. Hence, Bernadotte is the family name of the present royal house of Sweden

benzodiazepine
Any of a group of mood-altering drugs (tranquillizers), for example Librium and Valium. They are addictive and interfere with the process by which information is transmitted between brain cells, and various side effects arise from continued use. They were originally developed as muscle relaxants, and then excessively prescribed in the West as a...

Berbera
Seaport in Somalia, with the only sheltered harbour on the south side of the Gulf of Aden; population (2007 est) 263,100. It is in a strategic position on the oil route and has a deep-sea port, completed in 1969. The port, which was the capital of British Somaliland until 1941, is the terminus of roads from Hargeysa and Burko, and an airpor...

Berlin, Irving
Belorussian-born US songwriter. His songs include hits such as `Alexander's Ragtime Band` (1911), `Always` (1925), `God Bless America` (1917, published 1939), and `White Christmas` (1942), and the musicals Top Hat (1935), Annie Get Your Gun (1946), and Ca...

Berlin Wall
Click images to enlargeDividing barrier between East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, erected by East Germany to prevent East Germans from leaving for West Germany. Escapers were shot on sight. Berlin had been formally divided into East and West sectors following the Berlin blockade by Soviet forces June 1948–May 1...

Bern
(city) Capital of Switzerland and of Bern canton, in the west of the country on the River Aare; population (2003 est) 122,700. Industries include the manufacture of textiles, precision instruments, chocolate, pharmaceuticals, and light metal and electronic goods. There is a magnificent Got...

Bernese Alps
Click images to enlargeMountainous area in northwest Switzerland; northern division of the central Alps, in Bern and Valais cantons. It includes the peaks of Finsteraarhorn (4,274 m/14,022 ft), Aletschhorn (4,195 m/13,763 ft), and Jungfrau (4,158 m/13,641 ft). Interlaken is the chief town

Bernhardt, Sarah
French actor. She dominated the stage in her day, frequently performing at the Comédie Française in Paris. She excelled in tragic roles, including Cordelia in Shakespeare's King Lear, the title role in Racine's Phèdre, and the male roles of Hamlet and of Napoleon's son in Edmond Rosta...

Bernini, Gianlorenzo
(Giovanni Lorenzo) Click images to enlargeItalian sculptor, architect, and painter. He was a leading figure in the development of the baroque style. His work in Rome includes the colonnaded piazza in front of St Peter's Basilica (1656), fountains...

Bernstein, Leonard
Click images to enlargeUS composer, conductor, and pianist. He was one of the most energetic and versatile 20th-century US musicians. His works, which established a vogue for realistic, contemporary themes, include symphonies such as The Age of Anxiety (1949), ballets such as Fancy Free<...

Bertolucci, Bernardo
Italian film director. His work combines political and historical perspectives with an elegant and lyrical visual appeal. He is probably best known for the film Last Tango in Paris (1972), which caused an international sensation over its erotic content. Other films, such as Strategia del ragno/The Spider's Strata...

betel nut
Fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which is chewed together with lime and betel pepper as a stimulant by peoples of the East and Papua New Guinea. Chewing it blackens the teeth and stains the mouth deep red

Betjeman, John
English poet and essayist. He was the originator of a peculiarly English light verse, nostalgic, and delighting in Victorian and Edwardian architecture. He also wrote prose works on architecture and social history which reflect his interest in the Gothic Revival. His Collected Poems appeared in 1958 and a verse autobiography, <...

Beverly Hills
Residential city in Los Angeles County and a part of greater Los Angeles, southwest California, USA; population (2000 est) 33,800. It is located 16 km/10 mi northwest of Los Angeles city centre, and extends up the Santa Monica Mountains to the north. It is entirely surrounded by the city of Los Angeles. There is some light manufacturing, ch...

Beza, Théodore
French church reformer. He settled in Geneva, Switzerland, where he worked with the Protestant leader John Calvin and succeeded him as head of the reformed church there in 1564. He wrote in defence of the burning of Spanish theologian Michael Servetus (1554) and produced a Latin translation of the New Testament

Bernard of Clairvaux, St
Christian founder in 1115 of Clairvaux monastery in Champagne, France. He reinvigorated the Cistercian order, preached in support of the Second Crusade in 1146, and had the scholastic philosopher Abelard condemned for heresy. He is often depicted with a beehive. Canonized in 1174. His feast day is 20 August

Besançon
Administrative centre of the département of Doubs and of the Franche-Comté region of France, situated on the River Doubs 75 km/47 mi east of Dijon; population (1999) 117,700. It is an agricultural trading centre and industries include the manufacture of textiles, processed foods, cars, and paper. It is the p...

Bessarabia
Former region in southeastern Europe, bordering on the Black Sea and standing between the Prut and Dniester rivers. Its capital was at Kishinev. The region is now divided between the states of Moldova and Ukraine. Bessarabia takes its name from the Basarabs, a Moldavian princely dynasty that ruled the territory in the Middle Ages. It came under the...

Bethlehem
(West Bank) City on the west bank of the River Jordan, 8 km/5 mi south of Jerusalem; population (1997 est) 136,400. It was occupied by Israel in 1967 and came under control of the Palestine National Authority in December 1995. In the Bible it is mentioned as the birthplace of King Davi...

betting
Wagering money on the outcome of a game, race, or other event, not necessarily a sporting event

Bewick, Thomas
English wood engraver. He excelled in animal subjects, some of his finest works appearing in his illustrated A General History of Quadrupeds (1790) and A History of British Birds (1797–1804)

Beijing
Click images to enlargeCapital of China; parts of the northeast municipal boundary coincide with sections of the Great Wall of China; population (2001 est) 6,995,500. The municipality of Beijing has an area of 17,800 sq km/6,871 sq mi and a population (1996) of 12,590,000. Industries include engineering and th...

Belorussia
See Belarus

Bennett, Alan
English dramatist and screenwriter. His works (often set in his native north of England) treat, with macabre, gruesome comedy, such subjects as class, senility, illness, and death. They include the series of monologues for television Talking Heads (1987) and Talking Heads 2 (1998), as well as his critically-...

behaviour therapy
In psychology, the application of behavioural principles, derived from learning theories, to the treatment of clinical conditions such as phobias, obsessions, and sexual and interpersonal problems. The symptoms of these disorders are regarded as learned patterns of behaviour that therapy can enable the patient to unlearn. For example, in treating a...

bel canto
In music, an 18th-century Italian style of singing with emphasis on perfect technique and beautiful tone. The style reached its peak in the operas of Gioacchino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Vincenzo Bellini

Berio, Luciano
Italian composer. His work, usually involving electronic sound, combines serial techniques with commedia dell'arte and antiphonal practices, as in Alleluiah II (1958) for five instrumental groups. His large output includes 11 Sequenzas/Sequences (1958–85) for various solo instruments or voice, <...

beagle
Short-haired hound with pendant ears, sickle tail, and a bell-like voice for hunting hares on foot (`beagling`)

bear
(zoology) Click images to enlargeLarge mammal with a heavily built body, short powerful limbs, and a very short tail. Bears breed once a year, producing one to four cubs. In northern regions they hibernate, and the young are born in the w...

beaver
Aquatic rodent with webbed hind feet, a broad flat scaly tail, and thick waterproof fur. It has very large incisor teeth and fells trees to feed on the bark and to use the logs to construct the `lodge`, in which the young are reared, food is stored, and much of the winter is spent. There are two species, the Canadian Castor canad...

bedbug
Flattened wingless red-brown insect Cimex lectularius with piercing mouthparts. Bed bugs live in bedlinen crevices during the day and feed on human blood at night. They lay their eggs in the crevices and these hatch in a few days into nymphs (miniature versions of the adults) that take ten weeks and five skin moults to reach ...

Bedlington
Breed of terrier with a short body, long legs, and curly hair, usually grey, named after a district of Northumberland, England

beetle
Common name of insects in the order Coleoptera (Greek `sheath-winged`) with leathery forewings folding down in a protective sheath over the membranous hindwings, which are those used for flight. They pass through a complete metamorphosis. They include some of the largest and smallest of all insects: the largest is the Hercules bee...

Bentley, Edmund Clerihew
English writer. He invented the four-line humorous verse form known as the clerihew, first collected in Biography for Beginners (1905) and then in More Biography (1929). He was also the author of the classic detective story Trent's Last Case (1913), introducing a new naturalistic styl...

bee
Four-winged insect of the superfamily Apoidea in the order Hymenoptera, usually with a sting. There are over 12,000 species, of which fewer than 1 in 20 are social in habit. The hive bee or honeybee Apis mellifera establishes perennial colonies of about 80,000, the majority being infertile females (workers), with a few larger...

Belgium
Country in Western Europe, bounded to the north by the Netherlands, to the northwest by the North Sea, to the south and west by France, and to the east by Luxembourg and Germany. Government A parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, Belgium has a constitution, revised in 1971 and 1993,...

Belize
Click images to enlargeCountry in Central America, bounded north by Mexico, west and south by Guatemala, and east by the Caribbean Sea. Government The 1981 constitution provides for a multiparty parliamentary democracy on the British model, with a prime minister and cabinet drawn from the legislature and accountable to it...

Benin
(country) Country in west Africa, bounded east by Nigeria, north by Niger and Burkina Faso, west by Togo, and south by the Gulf of Guinea. Government The 1990 constitution provides for a president, elected by universal suffrage for a ...

Bering Strait
Strait between Alaska and Siberia, linking the North Pacific and Arctic oceans

Beringia
Former land bridge 1,600 km/1,000 mi wide between Asia and North America; it existed during the ice ages that occurred before 35,000 BC and during the period 24,000–9000 BC. As the climate warmed and the ice sheets melted, Beringia flooded. It is now covered by the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea

Bering, Vitus Jonassen
Danish explorer. He was the first European to sight Alaska. He died on Bering Island in the Bering Sea, both named after him, as is the Bering Strait, which separates Asia (Russia) from North America (Alaska)

Belgian Congo
Former name (1908–60) of the Democratic Republic of Congo; known 1960–97 as Zaire

Belshazzar
In the Old Testament, the last king of Babylon, son of Nebuchadnezzar. During a feast (known as Belshazzar's Feast) he saw a message, interpreted by Daniel as prophesying the fall of Babylon and death of Belshazzar

beer
Alcoholic drink made from water and malt (fermented barley or other grain), flavoured with hops. Beer contains between 1% and 6% alcohol. One of the oldest alcoholic drinks, it was brewed in ancient China, Egypt, and Babylon

Beeton, Mrs
British writer on cookery and domestic management. She produced Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (1861), the first comprehensive work on domestic science

Berengaria of Navarre
Queen of England. The only English queen never to set foot in England, she was the daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre. She married Richard I of England in Cyprus 1191, and accompanied him on his crusade to the Holy Land

Best, George
(footballer) Northern Irish footballer. One of football's greatest talents, he was a vital member of the Manchester United side that won the league championship in 1965 and 1967, and the European Cup in 1968, when he was voted both English and European Footballer of the Year. A goal provid...

bear
(business) In business, a financial trader who believes the market is going to fall. Such negative sentiments are said to be bearish. A bear is the opposite of a bull. In a bear market, prices fall and bears prosper

bestiary
In medieval times, a book with stories and illustrations which depicted real and mythical animals or plants to illustrate a (usually Christian) moral. The stories were initially derived from the Greek Physiologus, a collection of 48 such stories, written in Alexandria around the 2nd century. Translations of the Physiolog...

Berlin, Conference of
Conference 1884–85 of the major European powers (France, Germany, the UK, Belgium, and Portugal) called by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck to decide on the colonial partition of Africa. Also discussed were a neutral Congo Basin with free trade, and an independent Congo Free State; the slave trade was forbidden

bentwood
Type of furniture, originally made by steam-heating and then bending rods of wood to form panels. Initially a country style, it was patented in the early 19th century in the USA. Twentieth-century designers such as Marcel Breuer and Alvar Aalto have developed a different form by bending sheets of plywood

benefice
In the early Middle Ages, a donation of land or money to the Christian church as an act of devotion; from the 12th century, the term came to mean the income enjoyed by clergy. Under the Carolingian dynasty, `benefice` was used to mean a gift of land from a lord to a vassal, in which sense it is often indistinguishable from a fief

benediction
Blessing recited at the end of a Christian service, particularly the Mass

belles lettres
Literature that is appreciated more for its aesthetic qualities than for its content

beach
Click images to enlargeStrip of land bordering the sea, normally consisting of boulders and pebbles on exposed coasts, or sand on sheltered coasts. Beaches lie between the high- and low-water marks (high and low tides). A berm, a ridge of sand and pebbles, may be found at the farthest point that the water reaches,...

Beuys, Joseph
German sculptor and performance artist. He was one of the leaders of the European avant-garde during the 1970s and 1980s. An exponent of Arte Povera, he made use of so-called `worthless`, unusual materials such as felt and fat. His best-known performance was How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare (1965). He ...

bebop
Hot jazz style with complicated melody lines improvised against often dissonant harmonies and complex rhythms. It was developed in New York in the 1940s and 1950s by Charlie `Bird` Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, and other black musicians reacting against swing music

Berlin blockade
The closing of entry to Berlin from the west by Soviet Forces from June 1948 to May 1949. It was an attempt to prevent the other Allies (the USA, France, and the UK) unifying the western part of Germany. The British and US forces responded by sending supplies to the city by air for over a year (the Berlin airlift). In May 1949 the blockade was lift...

beat music
Pop music that evolved in the UK in the early 1960s, known in its purest form as Mersey beat, and as British Invasion in the USA. The beat groups characteristically had a simple, guitar-dominated line-up, vocal harmonies, and catchy tunes. They included the Beatles (1960–70), the Hollies (1962– ), and the Zombies (1962–6...

Becker, Boris
German tennis player. In 1985, at the age of 17, he became the youngest winner of a singles title at Wimbledon. He won the title three times and helped West Germany to win the Davis Cup in 1988 and 1989. He also won the US Open in 1989 and the Australian Open in 1991 and 1996. Career highlights Wimbledon 1985, 1986, 1989 US Open 1989 Australian Ope...

Beelzebub
In the New Testament, the leader of the devils, sometimes identified with Satan and sometimes with his chief assistant (see devil). In the Old Testament Beelzebub was a fertility god worshipped by the Philistines and other Semitic groups (Baal)

behemoth
In the Old Testament (Job 40), an animal cited by God as evidence of his power; usually thought to refer to the hippopotamus. It is used proverbially to mean any giant and powerful creature

beat frequency
In musical acoustics, fluctuation produced when two notes of nearly equal pitch or frequency are heard together. Beats result from the interference between the sound waves of the notes. The frequency of the beats equals the difference in frequency of the notes

beta decay
Disintegration of the nucleus of an atom to produce a beta particle, or high-speed electron, and an electron antineutrino. During beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus changes into a proton, thereby increasing the atomic number by one while the mass number stays the same. The mass lost in the change is converted into kinetic (movement) energy of...

Bekaa, the
Valley in central Lebanon, situated between the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountain ranges; length 130 km/80 mi, width 20 km/12 mi. It is also a governorate (estimated population in 2002: 516,900), its main population centres being the city of Zahle and the ancient town of Baalbek. The Orontes and Litani rivers rise in the Bekaa. ...

Ben Ali, Zine el Abidine
Tunisian politician, president from 1987. After training in France and the USA, he returned to Tunisia and became director general of national security. He was made minister of the interior and in October 1987 then prime minister under the ageing president for life Habib Bourguiba, whom he deposed in 1987 in a bloodless coup with the aid of ministe...

becquerel
SI unit of radioactivity, equal to one radioactive disintegration (change in the nucleus of an atom when a particle or ray is given off) per second. The becquerel is much smaller than the previous standard unit, the curie (3.7 × 1010 Bq). It is named after French physicist Henri Becquerel

Berg, Paul
US molecular biologist who, in 1972, spliced and combined into a single hybrid the DNA from an animal tumour virus (SV40) and the DNA from a bacterial virus, using gene-splicing techniques developed by others. He shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980 for his work on the biochemistry of nucleic acids, especially recombinant DNA

Bell Burnell,
(Susan) Northern Irish astronomer. In 1967 she discovered the first pulsar (rapidly flashing star) with British radio astronomer Antony Hewish and colleagues at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cambridge, England

Bellona
In Roman mythology, the goddess of war; wife or sister of Mars, god of war. During the Third Samnite War between Rome and the Samnites of northern Italy in 296 BC, the Sabine aristocrat Appius Claudius of Rome vowed to dedicate a temple to her. The building was eventually erected in the Campus Martius in 293 BC, near the altar of Mars

Beaufort, Henry
English politician and cleric. As chancellor of England, he supported his half-brother Henry IV and made enormous personal loans to Henry V to finance war against France. As a guardian of Henry VI during his minority, from 1421 he was in effective control of the country until 1426. In the same year he was created a cardinal. Beaufort was the se...

Bettelheim, Bruno
Austrian-born US child psychologist. At the University of Chicago he founded a treatment centre for emotionally disturbed children based on the principle of a supportive home environment. Among his books are Love Is Not Enough (1950) and The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales...

Berkeley, Busby
US choreographer and film director. He used ingenious and extravagant sets and teams of female dancers to create song and dance sequences that formed large-scale kaleidoscopic patterns when filmed from above, as in Gold Diggers of 1933 and Footlight Parade (both 1933)

Benioff zone
Seismically active zone inclined from a deep sea trench. Earthquakes along Benioff zones apparently define a lithospheric plate that descends into the mantle beneath another, overlying plate. The zone is named after Hugo Benioff, a US seismologist who first described this feature

Beat Generation
US social and literary movement of the 1950s and early 1960s. Members of the Beat Generation, called beatniks, responded to the conformist materialism of the period by adopting lifestyles derived from Henry David Thoreau's social disobedience and Walt Whitman's poetry of the open road. The most influential writers were Jack Kerouac (who is ...

beta particle
Electron ejected with great velocity from a radioactive atom that is undergoing spontaneous disintegration. Beta particles are created in the nucleus on disintegration, beta decay, when a neutron converts to a proton (the atomic number increases by one while the atomic mass stays the same) by emitting an electron. The mass lost in the change is con...

Belorussian
Member of an eastern Slav people closely related to the Russians (Great Russians) and Ukrainians, who live in Belarus and the surrounding area. Belorussian, a Balto-Slavic language belonging to the Indo-European family, is spoken by about 10 million people, including some in Poland. It is written in the Cyrillic script. Belorussian literatu...

Bengali
People of Bengali culture from Bangladesh and India (West Bengal, Tripura). There are 80–150 million speakers of Bengali, an Indo-Iranian language belonging to the Indo-European family. It is the official language of Bangladesh and of the state of Bengal and is also used by emigrant Bangladeshi and Bengali communities in such countries...

Beeching Report
Official report, published in 1963, on the railway network of Britain, which recommended the closure of loss-making lines and the improvement of money-making routes. Hundreds of lines and several thousand stations were closed as a result. These closures were not evenly spread throughout the country. Networks in East Anglia, south Wales, and...

bearing
(navigation) Direction of a fixed point, or the path of a moving object, from a point of observation. Bearings are angles measured in degrees (°) from the north line in a clockwise direction. A bearing must always have three figu...

Belarus
Country in east-central Europe, bounded south by Ukraine, east by Russia, west by Poland, and north by Latvia and Lithuania. Government The 1994 constitution provided for a democratic-pluralist, presidentialist system. There is a 260-seat legislature, the Sejm, to which deputies are directly elected for a four-year term by a majorit...

Bengal, Bay of
Part of the Indian Ocean lying between the east coast of India and the west coast of Myanmar (Burma) and the Malay Peninsula. The Irrawaddy, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers flow into the bay. The principal islands are to be found in the Andaman and Nicobar groups

Bexley
Outer borough of southeast Greater London, including the suburbs of Crayford, Erith, and Sidcup; population (2001) 218,300. Local industries include armaments manufacture at Crayford, site of the Vickers Factory, since the 19th century. The name Bexley was first recorded in 814, but signs of Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age settlement exist....

Berger, John Peter
English left-wing art critic and writer. In his best-known book, Ways of Seeing (1972), he valued art for social rather than for aesthetic reasons. He also attacked museums for preserving what is by nature transient. His novels include A Painter of Our Time (1958) and G (1972; Boo...

belly dancing
Dance of the Middle East. It is characterized by the use of the hips, spine, shoulders, and stomach muscles rather than the legs. The dance is performed by women and is accompanied by varying rhythms. Traditionally, belly dance was performed only among women as a celebration of birth

beat
In music, a pulsation giving the tempo, for example a conductor's beat, or a unit of tempo, as in four beats to the bar. `Beat music` is a general term for popular music having a strong and unvarying beat

Bergkamp, Dennis
Dutch footballer. A prolific goalscorer at club and international level, he was probably his country's most technically gifted footballer since Johan Cruyff. In 1998 Bergkamp was voted player of the year in England by both the Professional Footballers' Association and the Football Writers' Association. He retired from international foot...

Belisarius
East Roman general who led Rome's reconquest of the West. Though given inadequate resources by the jealous emperor Justinian I, Belisarius achieved notable victories against the Persians, Huns, Vandals, and Goths. Born in the Balkans, Belisarius served in the emperor's bodyguard, and at age 25 received command of the Roman army in the East....

Berry, James
West Indian author. Many of Berry's stories and poems reflect his West Indian background and celebrate the cultural identity of West Indians living in both the UK and the Caribbean. He won the National Poetry Prize in 1981 was awarded the OBE for services to poetry in 1990. Born in Jamaica, Berry moved to the USA when he was 17. Hating the raci...

Beyrouth
Alternative name for Beirut, the capital of Lebanon

Be'ér Sheva'
Alternative name for Beersheba, an industrial city in southern Israel