Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

procarcinogen
(pro″kahr-sin´ә-jәn) a chemical substance that becomes a carcinogen only after it is altered by metabolic processes.

Procardia
(pro-kahr´de-ә) trademark for preparations of nifedipine, a coronary vasodilator used in treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.

Procaryotae
(pro-kar″e-o´te) former name for Monera.

procedure
(pro-se´jәr) a series of steps for doing something; these may also be called maneuvers, methods, operations, surgery, or techniques.

procelous
(pro-se´lәs) having the anterior surface concave; said of vertebrae.

procephalic
(pro″sә-fal´ik) pertaining to the anterior part of the head.

procercoid
(pro-sur´koid) a larval stage of fish tapeworms.

procerus muscle
origin, fascia over nasal bone; insertion, skin of forehead; innervation, facial nerve; action, draws medial angle of eyebrows down.

process
(pros´әs) (pro´sәs) a prominence or projection, as from a bone. a series of operations or events leading to achievement of a specific result.

processus
(pro-ses´әs) Latin word meaning process; a term used in anatomy.

prochlorperazine
(pro″klor-per´ә-zēn) a phenothiazine derivative used as an antiemetic and sometimes as an antipsychotic agent; used as the base or as the edisylate or mesylate salts, administered orally, intravenously, intramuscularly, or rectally.

prochondral
(pro-kon´drәl) occurring before the formation of cartilage.

procidentia
(pro″sĭ-den´shә) prolapse (def. 1).

procoagulant
(pro″ko-ag´u-lәnt) tending to promote coagulation. a precursor of a natural substance necessary to coagulation of the blood.

proconvertin
(pro″kәn-vur´tin) factor VII.

procreation
(pro″kre-a´shәn) reproduction (def. 1).

Procrit
(pro´krit) trademark for a preparation of epoetin alfa, used to treat anemia from various causes.

proctalgia
(prok-tal´jә) pain in the rectum; called also proctodynia.

proctatresia
(prok″tә-tre´zhә) imperforate anus.

proctectasia
(prok″tek-ta´zhә) dilatation of the rectum or anus.

proctectomy
(prok-tek´tә-me) excision of the rectum.

proctitis
(prok-ti´tis) inflammation of the rectum. ulcerative proctitis recurrent ulceration of the mucosa of the rectum, probably a variant of ulcerative colitis.

proctocele
(prok´to-sēl″) hernial protrusion of part of the rectum into the vagina; rectocele.

proctocolitis
(prok″to-ko-li´tis) inflammation of the colon and rectum; called also coloproctitis, colorectitis, and rectocolitis.

proctocystotomy
(prok″to-sis-tot´ә-me) incision into the bladder from the rectum.

proctodeum
(prok″to-de´әm) the ectodermal depression of the caudal end of the embryo, which becomes the anal canal; called also anal pit.

proctodynia
(prok″to-din´e-ә) pain in the rectum; proctalgia.

proctologist
(prok-tol´ә-jist) a specialist in proctology.

proctology
(prok-tol´ә-je) the branch of medicine concerned with disorders of the rectum and anus. adj., proctolog´ic., adj.

proctoparalysis
(prok″to-pә-ral´ĭ-sis) paralysis of the anal and rectal muscles; called also proctoplegia.

proctoplasty
(prok´to-plas″te) plastic repair of the rectum and anus.

proctoplegia
(prok″to-ple´jә) proctoparalysis.

proctoptosis
(prok″top-to´sis) (prok″to-to´sis) prolapse of the rectum.

proctorrhaphy
(prok-tor´ә-fe) suture of the rectum.

proctoscope
(prok´to-skōp) a speculum or tubular instrument with illumination for inspecting the rectum.

proctoscopy
(prok-tos´kә-pe) inspection of the rectum with a proctoscope. The examination is usually done prior to rectal surgery, and it may be a part of the physical examination of a patient with hemorrhoids, rectal bleeding, or other symptoms of a rectal disorder.

proctosigmoidectomy
(prok″to-sig″moi-dek´tә-me) rectosigmoidectomy.

proctosigmoiditis
(prok″to-sig″moi-di´tis) inflammation of the rectum and the sigmoid colon.

proctosigmoidoscopy
(prok″to-sig″moi-dos´kә-pe) examination of the rectum and the sigmoid colon with the sigmoidoscope.

proctospasm
(prok´to-spaz″әm) spasm of the rectum.

proctostenosis
(prok″to-stә-no´sis) stricture of the rectum.

proctostomy
(prok-tos´tә-me) surgical creation of a permanent artificial opening from the body surface into the rectum.

proctotomy
(prok-tot´ә-me) incision of the rectum, usually for anal or rectal stricture.

procumbent
(pro-kum´bәnt) prone.

procursive
(pro-kur´siv) tending to run forward.

procyclidine
(pro-si´klĭ-dēn) an antidyskinetic used as the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of parkinsonism and for the control of drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions (except tardive dyskinesia); administered orally.

prodromal stage
the period of early symptoms of a disease; see prodrome. In an infectious disease, this is after the incubation period and just before the appearance of characteristic symptoms of the disease.

prodrome
(pro´drōm) a premonitory symptom; a symptom indicating the onset of a disease. adj., prodro´mal, prodro´mic., adj.

prodrug
(pro´drәg) a compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming an active pharmacological agent; a precursor of a drug.

product
(prod´әkt) something created or yielded. the mathematical result of multiplying two or more quantities together. fibrin split products see fibrinogen degradation products. pressure rate product the heart rate multiplied by the systolic b...

productive
(pro-duk´tiv) producing or forming; said especially of an inflammation that produces new tissue or of a cough that brings forth sputum or mucus.

productive cough
cough attended with expectoration of material from the bronchi.

productive inflammation
proliferative inflammation hyperplastic inflammation.

proencephalus
(pro″әn-sef´ә-lәs) a malformed fetus with a protrusion of the brain through a frontal fissure.

proenzyme
(pro-en´zīm) zymogen; an inactive precursor of an enzyme.

proerythroblast
(pro″ә-rith´ro-blast) the earliest erythrocyte precursor in the erythrocytic series, preceding the basophilic erythroblast and having a large nucleus containing several nucleoli, surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm. The term may encompass both normal and abnormal red cell precursors, in which case the ...

proestrogen
(pro-es´tro-jәn) a substance without estrogenic activity but which is metabolized in the body to active estrogen.

proestrus
(pro-es´trәs) the period of heightened follicular activity preceding estrus.

Proetz test
(for acuity of sense of smell) use of a series of substances each in 10 different concentrations in a liter of petroleum of specific gravity 0.880, to determine the least concentration at which the substance can be recognized, termed olfactory coefficient or minimal identifiable odor.

professional
(pro-fesh´ә-nәl) pertaining to one's profession or occupation. one who is a specialist in a particular field or occupation.

profibrinolysin
(pro″fi-brĭ-nol´ĭ-sin) plasminogen, the precursor of fibrinolysin.

profunda brachii artery
origin, brachial artery; branches, deltoid branch, nutrient of humerus and middle and radial collateral arteries; distribution, humerus, muscles and skin of arm.

profundaplasty
(pro-fun´dә-plas″te) reconstruction of the occluded or stenosed deep femoral artery (arteria profunda femoris).

profundus
(pro-fun´dәs) Latin word meaning deep; a term used in anatomy.

progastrin
(pro-gas´trin) an inactive precursor of gastrin.

progenitor cell
stem cell.

progeria
(pro-jēr´e-ә) a syndrome characterized by precocious senility of striking degree, with affected children developing growth retardation, thinning skin, and fragile bones as young as 18 months, and death from stroke or coronary artery disease usually occurring by 13 years of age. It has been linked to mut...

progestagen
(pro-jes´tә-jәn) progestational agent.

progestagen-only contraceptive
progestin-only contraceptiveprogestogen-only contraceptive an oral contraceptive consisting only of a small dose of a progestational agent to be taken every day.

progestational
(pro″jәs-ta´shәn-әl) favoring gestation; referring to the phase of the menstrual cycle just before menstruation, when there are changes in the endometrium preparatory to implantation of the zygote should fertilization occur. having effects similar to those of progesterone; see progestatio...

progestational agent
any of a group of hormones that induce formation of a secretory ENDOMETRIUM and help start the luteal phase of the MENSTRUAL CYCLE. They are secreted by the CORPUS LUTEUM and PLACENTA, and in small amounts by the adrenal CORTEX. The most important of the group is PROGESTERONE. Agents having progestational activity are also produced s...

progestational hormone
progesterone. progestational agent.

progesterone
(pro-jes´tә-rōn) a steroid sex hormone that is the principal progestational agent and plays a major part in the menstrual cycle. During the maturation of the secondary oocyte, estrogen, the principal female sex hormone, is produced at a high rate. At ovulation estrogen production is sharply reduced, and the o...

progestin
(pro-jes´tin) progestational agent. a progestational agent secreted by the corpus luteum and stimulating release of proteolytic enzymes in preparation for ovulation and maturation of the endometrium.

progestogen
(pro-jes´to-jәn) progestational agent.

proglossis
(pro-glos´is) the tip of the tongue.

proglottid
(pro-glot´id) one of the segments making up the body of a tapeworm.

proglottis
(pro-glot´is) pl. proglot´tides proglottid.

Proglycem
(pro-gli´sәm) trademark for a preparation of oral diazoxide, used in treatment of hypoglycemia.

prognathism
(prog´nә-thiz″әm) abnormal protrusion of one or both jaws, especially the lower jaw, the gnathic index being above 103. adj., prognath´ic, prog´nathous., adj.

prognathous
(prog´nә-thәs) having projecting jaws.

prognosis
(prog-no´sis) a forecast of the probable course and outcome of an attack of disease and the prospects of recovery, made after considering the nature of the disease and its symptoms. adj., prognos´tic., adj.

programmed cell death
the theory that particular cells are programmed to die at specific sites and at specific stages of development.

progranulocyte
(pro-gran´u-lo-sīt″) promyelocyte.

progravid
(pro-grav´id) denoting the phase of the endometrium in which it is prepared for pregnancy.

progressive
(pro-gres´iv) advancing. increasing in scope or severity.

progressive bulbar palsy
progressive paralysis and atrophy of the muscles of the lips, tongue, mouth, pharynx, and larynx due to lesions of the motor nuclei of the lower brainstem. It is a chronic, generally fatal disease with onset usually in late adulthood; onset may be earlier in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, syringobulbia, or m...

progressive bulbar paralysis
progressive bulbar palsy.

progressive choroidal atrophy
choroideremia.

progressive diaphyseal dysplasia
diaphyseal dysplasia.

progressive hemifacial atrophy
facial hemiatrophy.

progressive hypertrophic neuropathy
a slowly progressive familial disease beginning in early life, marked by hyperplasia of interstitial connective tissue, causing thickening of peripheral nerve trunks and posterior roots, and by sclerosis of the posterior columns of the spinal cord, with atrophy of distal parts of the legs and diminution of tendon reflexes...

progressive lipodystrophy
progressive and symmetrical loss of subcutaneous fat from the parts above the pelvis, facial emaciation, and abnormal accumulation of fat about the thighs and buttocks.

progressive muscular atrophy
spinal muscular atrophy.

progressive neuromuscular atrophy
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

progressive spinal muscular atrophy
spinal muscular atrophy.

progressive synergistic gangrene
gangrene of the skin due to synergistic infection by bacteria such as aerobic hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus, microaerophilic nonhemolytic streptococci, or gram-negative rods; it occurs most often as a complication of abdominal surgery, thoracic surgery, or a traumatic wound. The characteristic lesion is a wide area of celluli...

proguanil
(pro-gwahn´il) an antimalarial agent, administered orally as the hydrochloride salt; its use in the United States is limited because of the development of drug-resistant malarial parasites.

prohormone
(pro-hor´mōn) a precursor of a hormone, such as a polypeptide that is cleaved to form a shorter polypeptide hormone or a steroid that is converted to an active hormone by peripheral metabolism. Called also prehormone.

proinflammatory
(pro″in-flam´ә-to-re) capable of stimulating inflammation.