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Display - Presentation glossary Category: Technical and IT > Display technology Date & country: 19/01/2008, UK Words: 170

Pixel frequency
Number of triggered pixels per second.

Pixel-Shifter
A screen saver function in plasma displays. It is used to reduce the burn-in risk respectively burn-in effect. The pixel-shifter moves the image content in a pre-determined pattern over the display in certain intervals.

Plasma Display
A new display technology. Each pixel consists of one tiny chamber which is filled with noble gas. This mixture of noble gas is lit by electronics. The emerging ultra-violet radiation stimulates the phosphor layer to illuminate.

Pointer
Red dot or pointer which is inserted into the projection image via remote control thus attracting the attention of the audience.

Polysilicon technology
This technology is using polycrystal silicon which has much better electrical and optical features than TFT display. The lamp performance can be reduced but still a higher light output can be achieved. Today, lamp performances under 200 Watt up to 2.400 ANSI lumens are possible. The modules are significantly smaller than TFT modules. Currently, 0.7 …

Portrait mode
Plasma displays are normally mounted horizontally. Some models, however, can be mounted vertically (portrait). For this application a special graphic card or the appropriate video material has to be used.

Progressive scan
Progressive scanning of the video signal consisting of two half images. Both half images are added to one full image. Thus subtle structures can dissolve.

PS-2 interface
Apart from serial and USB interface, another standard for the connection of PC keys and PC mice.

PSI polysilicon technology
See polysilicon technology.

Random access (slide)
Direct slide access, i.e., from slide 10 to slide 20. There is no slide by slide selection but, for example, direct access to slide 20. (Kodak)

Rear projection
For reverse projection in transmitted light mode. Requires special rear projection screens. Opposite front projection.

Refresh rate
Indicates how often an image can be displayed on the monitor per second (in Hz) (vertical frequency).

Resizing
Mathematical process to fill up a signal of lower resolution to the format filling image of a projector with higher resolution. The dots not available in the signal are produced via interpolation. The result is a format filling bright image which appears somewhat fuzzy.

Resolution
Number of horizontal and vertical pixels. An optimal image quality is achieved when the resolution of the PC graphic card complies with the resolution of the projector. For laptops it is the resolution of the built-in monitor.

RGB
Red, green, blue: Colour synthesis process. Additive colour mixture.

RJ-11
International standard connection type for analogue telephones - also called 'Western Connector'. This connector is used for the connection of tele communication devices. This standard connector originates from the USA. Since the connector is quite reasonable, it is in the meantime also common for German telecommunications.

RJ-45
International standard connector for ISDN - and LAN cable.

Round magazine projector (slide)
The synonym for the professional projector. These slide projectors operate according to the slide gate principle: The slide to be projected is transported via a slot and falls down gravity-wise. Once it has arrived the slide stage it is pressed-on and is locked in its position. This enables a high accuracy of positioning and therefore it is suitabl …

RS 232
Interface, which enables a control of the projector via PC or control unit such as AMX or Creston, also called V.24.

RS 422
Transmittance standard for serial transmittance of PC data. Unlike RS 232 - standard up to 1.200 m can be bridged with RS 422. The trade offers complying modifiers which can transform a RS 232 signal into a RS 422 standard.

RS 485
Standard for serial transfer of PC data. Comparable with the RS 232 - standard. Here, also 1.200 m can be bridged. There are complying modifiers on the market which can transform a RS 232 signal into a RS 485 standard.

SCART
Also called EURO AV connector. The maximum 21 pin cable transmits all audio and video signals with only one connector. SCART is also suitable for S-Video.

Screensaver
Means it saves the screen.

SD Memory Card
Compact and solid memory medium in credit-card sized format Panasonic, at present with up to 512 Mbyte memory capacity. Currently the smallest design of electronic memory cards. Advantage: Large memory capacity, fast access time, erasure protection. The standard is supported by more than 230 suppliers. The cards are used among others in MP 3 player …

SECAM
Sequential Couleur A Memoire (sequential memory recreation of colours). Television standard used among others in France, Czech Republic, Slowakia and Japan. Like PAL, the number of lines is 625, the frame rate is 25 frames.

Selective autofocus (slide)
With the focusing key the automatic focusing can be adjusted at any time. The Autofocus is then automatically switched off and after pressing the slide changer it is switched on again.

Single slide holder
This enables the quick presentation of a slide without having to sort it into the magazine. Wrongly sorted images are grabbed instantly.

Slide AV
Umbrella term for any imaginable connection of slide and audio, a modern term for an audo image show.

Slide control unit
External control unit for the programing between a slide projector and a tape recorder.

Slide gate
Dual-plane presssure system slide gate for optimal slide positioning. Horizontally : the slide is pushed to the slide gate for plane positioning. Vertically the slide is simultaneously adjusted at the sides so that the slide is exactly aligned at the dissolve. Projectors which are used for professional Multimedia shows (slide shows with dissolves e …

Slide light box
For slide preview some projectors feature a slide light box at the top side which is visible when opening a sliding cap.

SmartMedia Card
Very small memory card, i.e., as used for digital cameras. They are even smaller and cheaper than PCMCIA memory cards.

Soft-slide-change (slide)
Soft slide changer that prevents a hard light change during the slide transportation.

Softlift (slide)
By pressing a key, the slide softlift automatically goes up and a slide can be inserted laterally into the duct. The softlift is pressed into the gadget again and the image is projected. Suitable for sorting slides into the magazine and replacing slides during the projection or for the correction of reversed slides. Single slide holder.

Specular (projection screen)
Reflection feature of projection screens. Specular projection screens reflect the incident light along the projection axis twice as much as diffuse reflective projection screens. The viewing angle is approx. 20 to 35 degree. The luminance factor is approx. 2.4.

Spiral tube (slide)
Old Kodak S-AV lenses are based on a spiral tube. However, they are not used in the Ektalite models but only in the Ektapro series. The lenses are screwed clockwise from ahead into the lens holder. The focusing is adjusted by turning the lens.

Split-Screen
Some plasma displays have an in-built split screen function that allows the interconnection of several plasma displays to one large plasma screen. Each plasma display shows one part of the total image.

sRGB
sRGB is a colour standard developed by Microsoft for identical colours at PC peripherals. Is increasingly used with digital projectors. The aim is the exact display of colours of the original artwork.

Standby (slide)
(Pause). Presentations can be interrupted and continued at any time.

Subtractive colour mixture
Complementary colour mixture deposited on white surface turns out black. This method is used with the four colour printing. The basic colours are yellow, cyan and magenta. Black is used for saturation. Opposite additive colour mixture.

SVGA
Super Video Graphics Array. Graphic standard for PCs with a maximum resolution of 800 x 600 pixels.

SXGA
Super Extended Graphics Array. Graphic cards with a resolution of 1.280 x 1.024 pixels.

TCP-IP
Abbreviation for 'Transmission Control Protocol over Internet Protocol'. The Internet Protocol (IP) is used for the fragmentation and addressing of data and conveys these from the transmitter to the receiver - however does not protect the transmission. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ensures that the sorting of packages reaches the receiver …

Telephoto lens (slide)
To be used for zooming-in objects which results in a smaller image angle.

TFT technology
The basis of this technology - like the Psi technology - is LCDs. However, only one display is being used. The surface of the display consists of pixels which again consist of three transistors (one for every primary colour). Therefore the name Thin-Film-Transistor- Active-Matrix. The TFT technology has stood the test on the market and is particula …

Throw ratio
The ratio between the projection distance and image width in m. A throw ratio of 1,3 - 1,8:1 means, i.e., the lens of the projector achieves an image width of 1 m at a projection distance of 1,3 and 1,8 m.

Tint
Tint, tinge; In the video area in particular for the correction of phase errors at NTSC-signals.

Triac (slide)
Electrical control element in slide projectors to infinitely vary the brightness of the projection lamp via impulses while dissolving slides.

UHP
Ultra high performance lamp developed by Philips. A modern lamp type which is particularly powerful but only requires little energy.

Ultra portable projectors
Class of projectors between 3 kg and maximum 5 kg.

Uniformity
Uniform illumination of an image area. Physically based brightness of a projected image reduces itself from the centre to the sides. Projectors tend to a brightness reduction of below 15 % to the sides which complies to a specification of 85% uniformity.

USB
Universal Serial Bus. Standard interface under Windows 98, which replaces the serial, parallel and other interface of the PC. Hardware components are automatically detected, configured and are instantly available when connected to the PC. With projectors currently only usable for the mouse interface.

UXGA
Ultra extended Graphics Array. Graphic standard for PCs with a maximum resolution of 1600 x 1.200 pixels.

Variable focal lens
The projected image diagonal depends on the distance between the projector and screen. A lens with variable focal width (270 - 340 mm) prevents annoying blue or yellow frames.

Vertical frequency
Indicates, how many frames per second can be displayed (refresh rate, in Hz).

VESA M 1
A new standard connector at PCs, monitors, plasma displays and digital projectors. It was developed by the VESA 'Video Electronics Standard Association' to enable the Plug&Play connection of different devices. The VESA M 1 connector not only allows the transmittance of digital and analogue image signals from the PC to the display gadget, it is also …

VGA
Graphic standard for PCs with a maximum resolution of 640 x 480 pixels.

Viewing angle
The viewing angle is directly connected to the luminance factor. The higher the luminance factor the more limited is the viewing angle. The viewing angle is determined by where from the centerline (0 degree) the luminance factor has decreased by half .

Viewing field
Equals to twice the viewing angle.

WhisperMode
See Eco mode.

Wide-angle lens (slide)
Some projectors only have a short throw lens which means that large image diagonals are achieved at a short distance already.

Wireless Lan (WLAN)
Recognized standard for wireless transfer of data between PCs or other electronic devices. According to the norm IEEE 802.11a up to 55 Mbit per seconds of data can be transmitted. Currently no adequate replacement for cable transfer since the transmittance is not made in real time.

Workstation
Fast, high-performance PC on the basis of one or several processors accomplish CPU-intensive tasks (for example CAD/CAM applications).

XGA
Extended Graphics Array. Graphic cards with a resolution of max. 1.024 x 768 pixels.

Yuv
Standard for transfering and saving video information. The RGB data of each pixel are converted in a format which is using one signal for the brightness (Y) and two for the colour (U,V). Mostly the UV resolution is lower than the Y-resolution since the human eye is more sensitive to changes of brightness than to changes of colours.

Zero setting (slide)
The slide magazine is set to zero position right after the last slide. This is of an advantage when an endless-projection is made with only a few slides. (Example Kodak)

D-ILA TM
Direct (driven) Image Light Amplifier: Projected trademark of JVC. A technology for image formation in projectors on the basis of reflective modules.

P-Bus interface (Kodak) (slide)
The RS 232 standard interface (P-Bus) enables a communication exchange between projector and PC. Slide projectors can be programmed and controlled directly via PC. The command language is the KODAK EKTAPRO-P-COM protocol. The integrated micro processor in the Ektapro-projectors controls and coordinates all required functions.

S-Video
High quality video signal, where the light signals are separated from the colour signals. DIN A4 pin connector, i.e. used with S-VHS recorder.

V.24
See RS 232.