Copy of `Robert Horne Group - Industrial glossary`

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Robert Horne Group - Industrial glossary Category: General technical and industrial > Paper Date & country: 18/12/2007, UK Words: 148

Hand Made Paper
Super quality papers made by the hand mould principle; tub sized and loft dried. Chiefly rag furnish (see also ?Mould- Made?).

Gummed Paper
A variety of different qualities are available, depending on the end use. Suitable body papers are web ?coated? with various types of adhesive, which will adhere to different surfaces.

Greyboard
A board made entirely from waste paper. It may be lined or unlined and is used for a variety of packaging purposes.

Grammage (Substance)
The weight of paper or board expressed in grams per square metre gsm as determined under standard test conditions.

Greaseproof
Papers which have a high resistance to penetration by grease or fats found in various foodstuffs. The paper is produced by prolonged beating in the pulp stage, providing an end product which is close and to a degree transparent. Sizing adds the greaseproof characteristic. Widely used for wrapping foods.

Grain Direction
A term applied to the machine direction of papers and boards, as opposed to the cross direction.

Furnish
The nature and proportions of the materials used in making paper.

FSC
Forest Stewardship Council is a non-profit international organisation promoting responsible forest management. FSC has developed principles for forest management which may be used for certifying the management of forest holdings, and a system of tracing, verifying and labelling timber and wood products which originate from FSC certified forests (Ch …

Folding Boxboard
Although box boards can vary in quality from grey board to high class board made from virgin fibre, the term today is usually taken to mean white lined boards made from a top quality furnish, coated, impregnated or laminated. A feature is that such boards have exceptional scoring and folding properties. They are used in the manufacture of high clas …

Foil Paper & Board
A strong body or base paper is coated with an adhesive and a fine bronze powder, and subsequently burnished. Other metals such as tin, aluminium, and gold leaf may be used. Foil papers are used for box making, labels which carry printing, wrapping and decoration. Aluminium foils used for packaging purposes may be laminated to greaseproof papers, gl …

Fluorescent Paper & Board
A white base paper or board coated with a mixture of fluorescent pigment and binder, the latter being used to key the former to the surface. The coating is activated by ultra violet light, either by exposure to an actual ultra violet lamp or indeed to natural daylight.

Flock Paper
Something between a paper and a textile. The paper is the base on which flocking materials (e.g. wool, cotton, rayon or other fibres) are built up to achieve various finishes - suede, baize, velvet or plush.

Flexography
Printing from a relief image with a rubber or plastic plate using liquid ink, either solvent or water based, plus pigment dyes, and is used mainly for packaging products.

Finish
The kind of paper surface imparted in the course of manufacture, e.g. antique, matt, machine or gloss finished.

Filler (Loading)
Mineral matter (china clay, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, etc) which is added to the fibre content of paper to improve printing quality, whiteness and opacity.

European Eco-label
The European Eco-label, known as the ?EU Flower?, is a voluntary scheme designed to encourage businesses to market products that are genuinely a better choice for the environment. The EU Flower sets comprehensive standards for raw material, energy and water consumption, emissions, waste management, share of certified fibre and use of chemicals.

Eugropa Recycled Mark
Similar to the NAPM scheme but only requires 50% of fibre to be recycled. For use Europe-wide but the uptake has been limited.

Embossing
A process whereby a relief image is formed on the paper or board surface by placing it under pressure between male and female un-inked dyes. Usually done as a separate operation after printing, but is also done on plain paper, and the embossed image can be a printed or unprinted area, in the latter case it is known as ?blind embossing?. As the pape …

EMAS
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme. The European Union?s regulated environmental management system. Similar to ISO14001 but also requires public reporting.

ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free)
Pulp which has been bleached with Chlorine Dioxide rather than Chlorine gas. Produces enormously reduced levels of Organo-chlorides and virtual elimination of Dioxins.

Duplicator Paper
Unsized and semi-sized, these papers have a ?built-in? quick drying facility and are used on stencil duplicating machines.

Duplex Paper & Board
Grades made from two different webs (often different colours) combined whilst still moist during the manufacturing process, without the use of adhesive.

Drawing Paper & Board
The best grades are tub-sized, air-dried, with sheet surface textures varying according to use.

Display Paper & Board
A wide range of coated papers and boards used for display and exhibition purposes. Some grades may be metal lines or laminated.

Dioxin
Aromatic chlorine compound. Its presence has been detected in the effluent systems of mills using the chlorine bleaching process.

Dimensional Stability
The behaviour of paper and board with respect to its dimensions and flatness with variations in moisture content.

Deckle Edge
The four feathery edges on sheets of hand or mould-made paper, or the two feathery edges on machine made paper which are normally trimmed off before the paper is reeled on the end of the papermaking machine.

Deckle
The maximum practical width the paper web can be made on the papermaking machine.

Dandy Roll
A metal roll formed by a wire mesh which is used on a papermaking machine to close up the sheet while it is in a wet state. This improves the look-through of the finished paper. There are two basic designs for the mesh, ?wove? and ?laid?. The dandy roll also carries the watermark when required.

CSR
Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large, including the environment.

Cover Paper & Board
A grouping of substrates which may be plain, embossed coated etc., and which offer a very wide choice of materials for printing booklets, box coverings and many other purposes. Many cover papers are characterised by strength, flexibility and durability.

Copier-Laser Paper
Lightweight grades of good quality and dimensionally stable papers used for xerographic copying and laser printing.

Continuous Stationery
A grade widely used for computer printing. The paper is in reel form printed and perforated. May be in duplicate and/or Manifold. A particular use is for invoices, statements and similar documents.

Container Middles
All-waste furnish substrates made in multi-ply board making for use in solid fibreboard case manufacture (see also Liner).

Coated Paper
Paper (or board) coated on one or both sides with a mixture of china clay, latex and other loadings to fill up surface pits and improve the printing surface. There are a variety of coating methods, the most common on-machine coating method being roll coating. Off-machine processes include blade coating, air-knife coating, the traditional brush coat …

Chromo
A term used to describe papers and boards that are heavily brush coated. Coating may be applied to one or both sides, depending on end use.

Chlorine Bleaching
A method used for 200 years for whitening paper fibres, now being replaced by other bleaching methods such as oxygen bleaching, as some of the chlorine compounds like dioxin are considered to be environmentally unfriendly.

Chipboard
A board made from waste paper used mainly in packaging, especially with a white liner and coating, but also for making the covers of case books.

Cheque & Security Paper
Papers which have been specially treated or sensitised during manufacture, in such a way as to prevent unauthorised alteration of documents.

Chain of Custody
Chain of Custody standards allow credible tracking of certified wood and wood products from certified forests through trade and manufacturing to committed retailers and consumers. In the paper industry this means being able to trace paper from the forest of origin, through pulp and paper mill, paper merchant and printer to the end user. A third par …

Cast Coated Paper & Board
Papers or boards having an extremely high gloss finish for top quality printing. The finish is obtained by the coating mix solidifying whilst in contact with a heated, polished surface.

Cartridge
Papers originally used to form the tube section of a shotgun shell. Because of its strength this class of tough, rough surfaced paper is used for a variety of purposes, including drawing, for envelopes, and for covers. Offset cartridge is of special dimensional stability for offset printing. Coated cartridge is a cartridge paper coated with china c …

Carbonless Copy Paper
Self-copy or no carbon required paper comprises two sheets of paper, the underside of the top sheet being coated with a mixture containing colourless dye in minute gelatine capsules. The underneath sheet is coated with a mixture containing a special reactive clay which changes to black when penetrated by the colourless dye. Pressure applied to the …

Carbon Paper
Used for making one or more copies. The base paper is normally a thin tissue or other lightweight grade coated on one side with a mixture of carbon black or other colouring agent, and a chemical substance which acts as a carrier, depending on end use. The coating may be applied in different finishes, again depending on end use.

Calendered & Supercalendered
A method of using rollers during paper making, to impart a finish or smoothness. It reduces the thickness and increases the density. Papers are subjected to smoothing and polishing between stacks of highly polished steam heated rollers, either forming part of the paper machine (calendered/machine calendered) or as an off-machine process (supercalen …

Bulky Mechanical
A mechanical content paper made to a specific caliper as opposed to a fixed grammage. This type of paper is used predominantly for paperback books.

Brush Coating
A method by which coating is applied by a cylindrical brush, roll or spray, whilst the web is supported. Produces papers with a heavy and smooth coating, a process now replaced by faster air knife and blade coaters.

Broke
A paper mill term for paper waste arising from the manufacturing process. Usually recycled as part of the manufacturing process.