Copy of `Mid-Atlantic Apiculture`

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Mid-Atlantic Apiculture Category: Animals and Nature > Bee/Hive Terms Date & country: 12/08/2008, USA Words: 180

Absconding swarm
an entire colony of bees that abandons the hive because of disease, wax moth, or other maladies.

Adulterated honey
any product labeled 'Honey' or 'Pure Honey' that contains ingredients other than honey but does not show these on the label. (Suspected mislabeling should be reported to the Food and Drug Administration.)

Afterswarm
a small swarm, usually headed by a virgin queen, which may leave the hive after the first or prime swarm has departed.

Alighting board
a small projection or platform at the entrance of the hive.

American foulbrood
a brood disease of honey bees caused by the spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus larvae.

Anaphylactic shock
constriction of the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes of a human, caused by hypersensitivity to venom and resulting in sudden death unless immediate medical attention is received.

Apiary
colonies, hives, and other equipment assembled in one location for beekeeping operations; bee yard.

Apiculture
the science and art of raising honey bees.

Apis mellifera
scientific name of the honey bee found in the United States.

Automatic uncapper
automated device that removes the cappings from honey combs, usually by moving heated knives, metal teeth, or flails.

Bacillus larvae
the bacterium that causes American foulbrood

Bee blower
an engine with attached blower used to dislodge bees from combs in a honey super by creating a high-velocity, high-volume wind.

Bee bread
a mixture of collected pollen and nectar or honey, deposited in the cells of a comb to be used as food by the bees.

Bee brush
a brush or whisk broom used to remove bees from combs.

Bee escape
a device used to remove bees from honey supers and buildings by permitting bees to pass one way but preventing their return.

Bee metamorphosis
the three stages through which a bee passes before reaching maturity: egg, larva, and pupa.

Bee space
1/4 to 3/8-inch space between combs and hive parts in which bees build no comb or deposit only a small amount of propolis.

Bee tree
a tree with one of more hollows occupied by a colony of bees.

Bee veil
a cloth or wire netting for protecting the beekeeper's head and neck from stings.

Bee venom
the poison secreted by special glands attched to the stinger of the bee.

Beehive
a box or receptacle with movable frames, used for housing a colony of bees.

Beeswax
a complex mixture of organic compounds secreted by special glands on the last four visible segments on the ventral side of the worker bee's abdomen and used for building comb. Its melting point is from 143.6 to 147.2 degrees F.

Benzaldehyde
a volatile, almond-smelling chemical used to drive bees out of honey supers.

Boardman feeder
a device for feeding bees in warm weather, consisting of an inverted jar with an attachment allowing access to the hive entrance.

Bottom board
the floor of a beehive.

Brace comb
a bit of comb built between two combs to fasten them together, between a comb and adjacent wood, or between two wooden parts such as top bars.

Braula coeca
the scientific name of a wingless fly commonly known as the bee louse.

Brood
bees not yet emerged from their cells: eggs, larvae, and pupae.

Brood chamber
the part of the hive in which the brood is reared; may include one or more hive bodies and the combs within.

Buff comb
a bit of wax built upon a comb or upon a wooden part in a hive but not connected to any other part.

Capped brood
pupae whose cells have been sealed with a porous cover by mature bees to isolate them during their nonfeeding pupal period; also called sealed brood.

Capping melter
melter used to liquefy the wax from cappings as they are removed from honey combs.

Cappings
the thin wax covering of cells full of honey; the cell coverings after they are sliced from the surface of a honey-filled comb.

Castes
the three types of bees that comprise the adult population of a honey bee colony: workers, drones, and queen.

Cell
the hexagonal compartment of a honey comb.

Cell bar
a wooden strip on which queen cups are placed for rearing queen bees.

Cell cup
base of an artificial queen cell, made of beeswax or plastic and used for rearing queen bees.

Chilled brood
immature bees that have died from exposure to cold; commonly caused by mismanagement.

Chunk honey
honey cut from frames and placed in jars along with liquid honey.

Clarifying
removing visible foreign material from honey or wax to increase its purity.

Cluster
a large group of bees hanging together, one upon another.

Colony
the aggregate of worker bees, drones, queen, and developing brood living together as a family unit in a hive or other dwelling.

Comb
a mass of six-sided cells made by honey bees in which brood is reared and honey and pollen are stored; composed of two layers united at their bases.

Comb foundation
a commercially made struc ture consisting of thin sheets of beeswax with the cell bases of worker cells embossed on both sides in the same manner as they are produced naturally by honey bees.

Comb honey
honey produced and sold in the comb, in either thin wooden sections (4 x 4 inches or 4 x 5 inches) or circular plastic frames.

Creamed honey
honey which has been al lowed to crystallize, usually under controlled conditions, to produce a tiny crystal.

Crimp-wired foundation
comb foundation into which crimp wire is embedded vertically during foundation manufacture.

Cross-pollination
the transfer of pollen from an anther of one plant to the stigma of a different plant of the same species.

Crystallization
see 'Granulation.'

Cut-comb honey
comb honey cut into various sizes, the edges drained, and the pieces wrapped or packed individually

Decoy hive
a hive placed to attract stray swarms.

Demaree
the method of swarm control that separates the queen from most of the brood within the same hive.

Dequeen
to remove a queen from a colony.

Dextrose
one of the two principal sugars found in honey; forms crystals during granulation. Also known as glucose.

Dividing
separating a colony to form two or more units.

Division board feeder
a wooden or plastic compartment which is hung in a hive like a frame and contains sugar syrup to feed bees.

Double screen
a wooden frame, 1/2 to 3/4 inch thick, with two layers of wire screen to separate two colonies within the same hive, one above the other. An entrance is cut on the upper side and placed to the rear of the hive for the upper colony.

Drawn combs
combs with cells built out by honey bees from a sheet of foundation.

Drifting of bees
the failure of bees to return to their own hive in an apiary containing many colonies. Young bees tend to drift more than older bees, and bees from small colonies tend to drift into larger colonies.

Drone
the male honey bee.

Drone comb
comb measuring about four cells per linear inch that is used for drone rearing and honey storage.

Drone layer
an infertile or unmated laying queen.

Drumming
pounding on the sides of a hive to make the bees ascend into another hive placed over it.

Dwindling
the rapid dying off of old bees in the spring; sometimes called spring dwindling or disappearing disease.

Dysentery
an abnormal condition of adult bees characterized by severe diarrhea and usually caused by starvation, low-quality food, moist sur roundings, or nosema infection.

Electric embedder
a device allowing rapid em bedding of wires in foundation with electrically produced heat.

European foulbrood
an infectious brood dis ease of honey bees caused by streptococcus p/u ton.

Extracted honey
honey removed from the comb by centrifugal force.

Fermentation
a chemical breakdown of honey, caused by sugar-tolerant yeast and associated with honey having a high moisture content.

Fertile queen
a queen, inseminated instrumentally or mated with a drone, which can lay fertilized eggs.

Field bees
worker bees at least three weeks old that work in the field to collect nectar, pollen, water, and propolis.

Flash heater
a device for heating honey very rapidly to prevent it from being damaged by sustained periods of high temperature.

Follower board
a thin board used in place of a frame usually when there are fewer than the normal number of frames in a hive.

Food chamber
a hive body filled with honey for winter stores.

Frame
four pieces of wood designed to hold honey comb, consisting of a top bar, a bottom bar, and two end bars.

Fructose
the predominant simple sugar found in honey; also known as levulose.

Fume board
a rectangular frame, the size of a super, covered with an absorbent material such as burlap, on which is placed a chemical repellent to drive the bees out of supers for honey removal.

Fumidil-B
the trade name for Fumagillin, an antibiotic used in the prevention and suppression of nosema disease.

Glucose
see 'Dextrose.'

Grafting
removing a worker larva from its cell and placing it in an artificial queen cup in order to have it reared into a queen.

Grafting tool
a needle or probe used for trans ferring larvae in grafting of queen cells.

Granulation
the formation of sugar (dextrose) crystals in honey.

Hive
a man-made home for bees.

Hive body
a wooden box which encloses the frames.

Hive stand
a structure that supports the hive.

Hive tool
a metal device used to open hives, pry frames apart, and scrape wax and propolis from the hive parts.

Honey
a sweet viscid material produced by bees from the nectar of flowers, composed largely of a mixture of dextrose and levulose dissolved in about 17 percent water; contains small amounts of sucrose, mineral matter, vitamins, proteins, and enzymes.

Honey extractor
a machine which removes honey from the cells of comb by centrifugal force.

Honey flow
a time when nectar is plentiful and bees produce and store surplus honey.

Honey gate
a faucet used for drawing honey from drums, cans, or extractors.

Honey house
building used for extracting honey and storing equipment.

Honey pump
a pump used to transfer honey from a sump or extractor to a holding tank or strainer.

Honey stomach
an organ in the abdomen of the honey bee used for carrying nectar, honey, or water.

Honey sump
a clarifying tank between the extractor and honey pump for removing the coarser particles of comb introduced during extraction.

Honeydew
a sweet liquid excreted by aphids, leaflioppers, and some scale insects that is col lected by bees, especially in the absence of a good source of nectar.

Inner cover
a lightweight cover used under a standard telescoping cover on a beehive.

Instrumental insemination
the introduction of drone spermatozoa into the genital organs of a virgin queen by means of special instruments.

Invertase
an enzyme produced by the honey bee which helps to transform sucrose to dextrose and levulose.

Larva
the second stage of bee metamorphosis; a white, legless, grublike insect.

Laying worker
a worker which lays infertile eggs, producing only drones, usually in colonies that are hopelessly queenless.