In an optimization problem, a slack variable is a variable that is added to an inequality constraint to transform it to an equality. Introducing a slack variable replaces an inequality constraint with an equality constraint and a nonnegativity constraint.{sfn|Boyd|Vandenberghe|2004|p=131} In linear programming, this is required to turn an inequali...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slack_variable
In an inequality constraint of the form g(x) <= b, the slack is b-g(x), which is designated by the slack variable, s. Then, the original constraint is equivalent to the defining equation, g(x) + s = b, plus s >= 0.
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http://glossary.computing.society.informs.org/index.php?page=S.html
(from the article `optimization`) ...simplex method, the example from the preceding section will be solved again. The problem is first put into canonical form by converting the linear ...
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/s/106
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