
1) Vacuum gauge
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https://www.crosswordclues.com/clue/pirani-gauge

The Pirani gauge is a robust thermal conductivity gauge used for the measurement of the pressures in vacuum systems. It was invented in 1906 by Marcello Pirani. ==Structure== The Pirani gauge consists of a metal filament (usually platinum) suspended in a tube which is connected to the system whose vacuum is to be measured. Connection is usually ma...
Found on
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirani_gauge

(from the article `vacuum technology`) Two types of thermal conductivity gauges, the Pirani and the thermocouple, determine pressure by the rate at which heat is dissipated from a hot ...
Found on
http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/p/71
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