
The free surface effect is one of several mechanisms which can cause a craft to become unstable and roll over (capsize). It refers to the tendency of liquids — and of aggregates of small solid objects, like seeds, gravel, or crushed ore which can act as liquids — to slosh about: to move in response to changes in the attitude of a craft`s carg....
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_surface_effect

(from the article `ship`) One important hazard in considering damage stability is the `free surface effect.` Water that is unconfinedas flooding water that enters a damaged ...
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/f/59
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