1) Invasion of Europe 
Al-Andalus (الأندلس, trans. al-ʼAndalus; Al-Ándalus; Al-Andalus; Al-Andalus; Al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus or Wandalus), also known as Muslim Spain or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Islamic state occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal. (At its greatest geographical extent, in the eighth century, southern France -- ...