Copy of `Johns Hopkins Medicine - Dermatological terms`

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Johns Hopkins Medicine - Dermatological terms Category: Health and Medicine Date & country: 01/05/2018, USA Words: 95

Wart
a noncancerous skin growth caused by a virus.

Trichotillomania
hair pulling.

Tretinoin
a drug which is chemically related to vitamin A; used to treat acne and other scaly skin disorders.

Urticaria
(also called hives) a condition in which red, itchy, and swollen areas appear on the skin

Urushiol
resin in poison ivy plants that causes an allergic skin reaction.

Vitiligo
smooth, white patches in the skin caused by the loss of pigment-producing cells.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis
a life-threatening skin disorder characterized by blistering and peeling of the top layer of skin.

Tinea versicolor
a common fungal skin infection characterized by white or light brown patches on the skin.

Subcutis
the deepest layer of skin; also known as the subcutaneous layer.

Spider angioma
a bright red mark with a distinct dark spot in the skin.

Squamous cell carcinoma
a form of skin cancer that affects about 20 percent of patients with skin cancer. This highly treatable cancer is characterized by red, scaly skin that becomes an open sore.

Squamous cells
(also called keratinocytes) the primary cell types found in the epidermis, the outer layer of skin.

Skin tags
soft, small, flesh-colored skin flaps on the neck, armpits, or groin.

Seborrheic keratosis
flesh-colored, yellow, brown, or black wart-like spots.

Scabies
an infestation of mites in the skin characterized by small pimples that itch.

Sebaceous glands
glands in the skin that secrete oil to the surface of the skin.

Scales
dead skin cells that look like flakes or dry skin.

Scar
fibrous tissue that has formed after a skin injury.

Sarcoidosis
an inflammation of the lymph nodes and other organs.

Rosacea
a common skin condition characterized by redness, pimples, and broken blood vessels.

Salicylic acid
a keratolytic drug (a drug that removes the outer layer of skin) that is used to treat various skin conditions.

Pyogenic granuloma
red, brown, or bluish-black raised marks caused by excessive growth of capillaries.

Ringworm
a fungal skin infection characterized by ring-shaped, red, scaly, or blistery patches.

Prickly heat
a rash caused by trapped sweat under the skin.

Psoriasis
a chronic skin condition characterized by inflamed, red, raised areas that develop silvery scales.

Pustule
(also called pimple) inflamed lesions that look like pink bumps.

Punch grafts
small skin grafts to replace scarred skin. A hole is punched in the skin to remove the scar, which is then replaced with unscarred skin (often from the back of the earlobe). Punch grafts can help treat deep acne scars.

Patch
a flat, discolored spot.

Pityriasis rosea
a common skin condition characterized by scaly, pink, and inflamed skin.

Port-wine stains
(also called nevi flammeus) permanent flat, pink, red, or purple marks on the skin.

Melanocytes
cells present in the epidermis that produce melanin (skin pigment).

Melasma
dark, brown symmetrical patches of pigment on the face.

Moles
small skin marks caused by pigment-producing cells in the skin.

Mongolian spots
Bluish-black marks on the lower back and buttocks; affects mainly African-American or Asian children.

Nodule
(Also called papule.) a solid, raised bump.

Paronychia
a skin infection around a finger or toenail.

Lymphangioma
a raised, yellow-tan or red mark in the skin, made up of enlarged lymphatic vessels.

Malignant melanoma
a rare, but sometimes deadly, skin cancer that begins as a mole that turns cancerous.

Macule
the smaller version of a patch

Macular stains
(also called angel's kisses or stork bites) faint, red marks that appear in the skin at birth. Angel's kisses are marks on the forehead and eyelids. Stork bites are marks on the back of the neck.

Lichenification
skin that has thickened.

Lipomas
round or oval lumps under the skin caused by fatty deposits.

Lice
tiny parasites that can infest the skin; characterized by intense itching.

Laser resurfacing
uses high-energy light to burn away damaged skin. Laser resurfacing may be used to minimize wrinkles and fine scars.

Keloids
smooth, pink, raised, firm, fibrous growths on the skin that form secondary to injury.

Keratosis pilaris
a common skin condition characterized by small, pointed bumps, especially on the back and sides of the upper arms.

Impetigo
a bacterial skin infection characterized by microscopic, pus-filled blisters.

Inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, and pain in a tissue due to chemical or physical injury, infection, or allergic reaction.

Keratinocytes
(also called squamous cells) the primary cell types found in the epidermis, the outer layer of skin.

Keratoacanthomas
round, flesh-colored growths with craters that contain a pasty material.

Hives
(Also called urticaria.) a condition in which red, itchy, and swollen areas appear on the skin

Immune system
a collection of cells and proteins that works to protect the body from potentially harmful, infectious microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Immunocompromised
an abnormal condition in which one's ability to fight infection is decreased. This can be due to a disease process, certain medications, or a condition present at birth.

Hirsutism
excessive hairiness.

Herpes zoster
(also called shingles) a common viral infection of the nerves, characterized by a painful skin rash of small blisters anywhere on the body.

Erythema multiforme
a skin condition characterized by symmetrical, red, raised skin areas all over the body.

Exanthem
a rash.

Excoriation
an area of the skin covered by a crust, or scab, usually caused by scratching.

Folliculitis
an inflammation of the hair follicles due to an infection or irritation.

Freckles
darkened, flat spots that typically appear only on sun-exposed areas of skin.

Granuloma annulare
a chronic skin condition characterized by small, raised bumps that form a ring with a normal or sunken center.

Epidermis
the outermost layer of skin.

Erythema nodosum
a skin condition characterized by red bumps that usually appear on the shins.

Erythrasma
a skin infection of the top layer of skin characterized by irregular pink patches that turn to brown scales.

Erysipelas
a bacterial skin infection that usually affects the arms, legs, or face, characterized by shiny, red areas, small blisters, and swollen lymph nodes.

Eczema
(also called atopic dermatitis) a skin disorder that is characterized by itching, scaling, thickening of the skin, and is usually located on the face, elbows, knees, and arms.

Dermoid cyst
a benign tumor made up of hairs, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Crust
(also called scab) a formation of dried blood, pus, or other skin fluid over a break in the skin.

Cyst
a deep lesion that is filled with pus or other contents.

Dermatitis
a number of skin conditions characterized by inflammation of the skin.

Dermatofibroma
small, red or brown bumps in the skin.

dermis
the middle layer of skin, which is made up of blood vessels, lymph vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, collagen bundles, and fibroblasts.

Cryosurgery
destruction of a lesion on the skin by freezing with liquid nitrogen.

Creeping eruption
a skin infection caused by hookworms that is characterized by severe itching.

Collagen injections
one type of collagen, which is derived from purified bovine (cow) collagen, is injected beneath the skin to replace the body's natural collagen that has been lost. Injectable collagen is generally used to treat wrinkles, scars, and facial lines.

Cold sore
small blisters around and in the mouth caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Collagen
a natural protein found in humans that forms connective tissue and provides strength, resilience, and support to the skin, ligaments, tendons, bones, and other parts of the body.

Chemical peels
a procedure often used to minimize sun-damaged skin, irregular pigment, and superficial scars. The top layer of skin is removed with a chemical application to the skin. By removing the top layer, the skin regenerates, often improving the skin's appearance.

Cellulitis
a bacterial infection of the skin that is characterized by swelling and tenderness.

Carbuncles
clusters of boils on the skin.

Cavernous hemangioma
a raised, red or purple mark in the skin, made up of enlarged blood vessels.

Candidiasis
(also called yeast infection) a skin infection caused by yeast that can occur in the skin folds, navel, vagina, penis, mouth, and nail beds.

Boil
tender, swollen areas that form around hair follicles.

Botulinum toxin type A
an injection of botulinum toxin into specific muscles will immobilize those muscles, preventing them from forming wrinkles and furrows.

Blister
a fluid-filled bump.

Biopsy
a procedure performed to remove tissue or cells from the body for examination under a microscope.

Birthmark
abnormality of the skin that is present at birth or shortly afterward.

Bed sores
ulcers that occur on areas of the skin that are under pressure from lying in bed, sitting in wheelchairs, wearing a cast, or being immobile for a long period of time.

Atrophic skin
skin that is thin and wrinkled.

Atopic dermatitis
(also called eczema) a skin disorder that is characterized by itching, scaling, thickening of the skin, and is usually located on the face, elbows, knees, and arms.

Basal cell carcinoma
the most common form of skin cancer; characterized by small, shiny, raised bumps on the skin that may bleed.

Basal cells
type of cells that are found in the outer layer of skin. Basal cells are responsible for producing the squamous cells in the skin.

Alopecia
baldness.

Angioma
a benign tumor in the skin, which is made up of blood or lymph vessels.

Albinism
a rare, inherited disorder characterized by a total or partial lack of melanin (skin pigment) in the skin.