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Adrian Resources - Mining terms Category: Agriculture and Industry > Mining terms Date & country: 07/03/2016, USA Words: 91

Recovery
The percentage of valuable metal in the ore that is recovered by metallurgical treatment.

Reconnaissance
A preliminary survey of ground.

Qualified Person
A qualified person (QP) is defined in NI 43-101 as an individual who is an engineer or geoscientist with at least five years of experience in mineral exploration, mine development or operation or mineral project assessment, or any combination of these; has experience relevant to the subject matter of the mineral project and the technical report; and is a member in good standing of a professional association.

Radioactivity
The property of spontaneously emitting alpha, beta or gamma rays by the decay of the nuclei of atoms.

Reserve
That part of a resource that can be mined at a profit under current or reasonably anticipated economic conditions which are specified. In addition to the information required for a resource estimate, the technical, operating, legal and financial factors must be considered in a reserve estimate.

Prospect
A mining property, the value of which has not been determined by exploration.

Primary deposits
Valuable minerals deposited during the original period or periods of mineralization, as opposed to those deposited as a result of alteration or weathering.

Pulp
Pulverized or ground ore in solution.

Quartz
Common rock-forming mineral consisting of silicon and oxygen.

Quartzite
A metamorphic rock formed by the transformation of a sandstone by heat and pressure.

Private placement
Sale of shares to individuals or corporations outside the normal market, at a negotiated price. Often used to raise capital for a junior exploration company.

Prospectus
A document filed with the appropriate securities commission detailing the activities and financial condition of a company seeking funds from the public through the issuance of shares.

Placer
A deposit of sand and gravel containing valuable minerals such as gold, tin or diamonds.

Pellet
A marble-sized ball of iron ore fused with clay for transportation and use in steelmaking.

Pentlandite
Nickel iron sulphide, the most common nickel ore.

Pitchblende
An important uranium ore mineral. It is black in color, possesses a characteristic greasy lustre and is highly radioactive.

Pig iron
Crude iron from a blast furnace.

Outcrop
An exposure of rock or mineral deposit that can be seen on surface, that is, not covered by soil or water.

Overturned
Where the oldest sedimentary rock beds are lying on top of a younger beds.

Oxidation
A chemical reaction caused by exposure to oxygen that results in a change in the chemical composition of a mineral.

Minable reserves
Ore reserves that are known to be extractable using a given mining plan.

Open pit
A mine that is entirely on surface. Also referred to as open-cut or open-cast mine.

Ore Reserves
The calculated tonnage and grade of mineralization which can be extracted profitably; classified as possible, probable and proven according to the level of confidence that can be placed in the data.

Orebody
A natural concentration of valuable material that can be extracted and sold at a profit.

Mineral
A naturally occurring homogeneous substance having definite physical properties and chemical composition and, if formed under favorable conditions, a definite crystal form.

Metamorphic rocks
Rocks which have undergone a change in texture or composition as the result of heat and/or pressure. (ex. Sandstone becomes quartzite)

Mafic
Igneous rocks composed mostly of dark, iron- and magnesium-rich minerals.

Magma
The molten material deep in the Earth from which rocks are formed.

Metallurgy
The study of extracting metals from their ores.

Magmatic segregation
An ore-forming process whereby valuable minerals are concentrated by settling out of a cooling magma.

Magnetite
Black, magnetic iron ore, an iron oxide.

Intermediate rock
An igneous rock containing 52% to 66% quartz.

Intrusive
A body of igneous rock formed by the consolidation of magma intruded into other rocks, in contrast to lavas, which are extruded upon the surface.

Host rock
The rock surrounding an ore deposit.

Hydrothermal
Relating to hot fluids circulating in the earth's crust.

Hydrometallurgy
The treatment of ore by wet processes, such as leaching, resulting in the solution of a metal and its subsequent recovery.

Igneous rocks
Rocks formed by the solidification of molten material from far below the earth's surface.

High grade
Rich ore. As a verb, it refers to selective mining of the best ore in a deposit.

Hematite
An oxide of iron, and one of that metal's most common ore minerals.

Grade
The value of a mineralized deposit. Precious metals are usually expressed as ounces per tonne or grams per tonne. Base metals and uranium are expressed as a percent. Diamond values are expressed as value/carat/hundred tonnes.

Grab sample
A sample from a rock outcrop that is assayed to determine if valuable elements are contained in the rock. A grab sample will not provide a representative picture of the value of a deposit, only an indication.

Geiger counter
An instrument used to measure the radioactivity that emanates from certain minerals by means of a Geiger-Mueller tube.

Geothermal
Pertains to the heat of the Earth's interior.

Geophysics
The use of geophysical techniques to search for mineral deposits. Common geophysical surveys include: magnetic, electromagnetic, induced polarization, resistivity and gravity

Geophysical survey
A scientific method of prospecting that measures the physical properties of rock formations. Common properties investigated include magnetism, specific gravity, electrical conductivity and radioactivity.

Flow-through shares
Shares in an exploration company that allow the tax deduction or credits for mineral exploration to be passed to the investor.

Gabbro
A dark, coarse-grained igneous rock.

Epithermal deposit
A mineral deposit consisting of veins and replacement bodies, usually in volcanic or sedimentary rocks, containing precious metals or, more rarely, base metals.

Exploration
Prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond drilling and other work involved in searching for ore.

Fault
A break in the Earth's crust caused by tectonic forces which have moved the rock on one side with respect to the other.

Ferrous
Containing iron

Dyke
A long and relatively thin body of igneous rock that, while in the molten state, intruded a fissure in older rocks.

EM survey
A geophysical survey method which measures the electromagnetic properties of rocks.

Drill
There are various types of drills for exploration such as a diamond drill (produces core) or reverse circulation drill (produces chips). Other types of drills are used in the mining process which do not produce a core, but are used to make circular holes in the rock which are filled with explosives.

Disseminated ore
Ore carrying small particles of valuable minerals spread more or less uniformly through the host rock.

Diamond drill
A rotary type of rock drill that cuts a core of rock that is recovered in long cylindrical sections, two cm or more in diameter.

Diamond
The hardest known mineral, composed of pure carbon; low-quality diamonds are used to make bits for diamond drilling in rock.

Drill-indicated reserves
The size and quality of a potential orebody as suggested by widely spaced drillholes; more work is required before reserves can be classified as probable or proven.

Development
Underground work carried out for the purpose of opening up a mineral deposit. Includes shaft sinking, crosscutting, drifting and raising, stripping/open pit mining.

Cyanide
A chemical species containing carbon and nitrogen used to dissolve gold and silver from ore.

Cyanidation
A method of extracting exposed gold or silver grains from crushed or ground ore by dissolving it in a weak cyanide solution. May be carried out in tanks inside a mill or in heaps of ore out of doors.

Development drilling
drilling to establish accurate estimates of mineral reserves.

Core
The long cylindrical piece of rock, about an inch in diameter, brought to surface by diamond drilling.

Concentrate
A fine, powdery product of the milling process containing a high percentage of valuable metal.

Complex ore
An ore containing a number of minerals of economic value. The term often implies that there are metallurgical difficulties in liberating and separating the valuable metals.

Chalcocite
A sulphide mineral of copper common in the zone of secondary enrichment.

Clay
A fine-grained material composed of hydrous aluminum silicates.

Claim
A portion of land held either by a prospector or a mining company. In Canada, the common size is 1,320 ft. (about 400 m) square, or 40 acres (about 16 ha).

Country rock
Loosely used to describe the general mass of rock adjacent to an orebody. Also known as the host rock.

Capitalization
A financial term used to describe the value financial markets put on a company. Determined by multiplying the number of outstanding shares of a company by the current stock price.

Cesium magnetometer
An geophysical instrument which measures magnetic field strength in terms of vertical gradient and total field.

Chromite
The chief ore mineral of chromium.

Chalcopyrite
A sulphide mineral of copper and iron; the most important ore mineral of copper.

Chip sample
A method of sampling a rock exposure whereby a regular series of small chips of rock is broken off along a line across the face.

Byproduct
A secondary metal or mineral product recovered in the milling process.

Bull market
Term used to describe financial market conditions when share prices are going up.

Bear market
Term used to describe market conditions when share prices are declining.

Bedding
The arrangement of sedimentary rocks in layers.

Biotite
A platy magnesium-iron mica, common in igneous rocks.

Bullion
Metal formed into bars or ingots.

Bulk sample
A large sample of mineralized rock, frequently hundreds of tonnes, selected in such a manner as to be representative of the potential orebody being sampled. Used to determine metallurgical characteristics.

Assay
A chemical test performed on a sample of ores or minerals to determine the amount of valuable metals contained.

Assay map
Plan view of an area indicating assay values and locations of all samples taken on the property.

Basic rocks
Igneous rocks that are relatively low in silica and composed mostly of dark-colored minerals.

Base metal
Any non-precious metal (eg. copper, lead, zinc, nickel, etc.).

Basement rocks
The underlying or older rock mass. Often refers to rocks of Precambrian age which may be covered by younger rocks.

Alloy
A compound of two or more metals.

Alluvium
Relatively recent deposits of sedimentary material laid down in river beds, flood plains, lakes, or at the base of mountain slopes. (adj. alluvial)

Anomaly
Any departure from the norm which may indicate the presence of mineralization in the underlying bedrock

Assessment work
The amount of work, specified by mining law, that must be performed each year in order to retain legal control of mining claims.

Airborne survey
A survey made from an aircraft to obtain photographs, or measure magnetic properties, radioactivity, etc.