Copy of `Butler - Plant terms`

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Butler - Plant terms Category: Agriculture and Industry > Trees Date & country: 25/01/2014, USA Words: 47

Tannins
pigments in plants responsible for brown colors.

Xylem
the main part of the tree trunk made up of tiny tubes which transport water and minerals from the roots up the trunk and branches to the leaves.

Simple
a single leaf blade with a bud at the base of the leafstem.

Stamen
the male part of a flower that makes pollen.

Stigma
The sticky surface of a flower pistil on which pollen adheres during pollination.

Stomata
openings in a leaf through which gases and water enter or leave.

Style
extending from the center of a flower, it supports the stigma where pollen adheres during pollination.

Sepals
the separate parts of the flower calyx that is the outside covering of a bud.

Senescence
death of a leaf triggered by an increase in the enzymes that promote the breakdown of plant cells. Begins when shorter days and cooler temperatures occur.

Sapwood
the outer part of the wood; also called alburnum.

Roots
anchors the tree to the soil and absorbs water and soil minerals.

Root hairs
threadlike extensions that grow from a plant root and takes in water and minerals from the soil.

Provascular tissue
bundles of cells in young tree shoots.

Pollination
the movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil by pollinators (birds or insects).

Pistil
Female part of a flower; also known as the carpel.

Pinnate
having leaflets on both sides of a common axis.

Petals
outer part of a flower; protects the inside parts of a flower.

Petiole
thin section of leafstalk joining the base of the leaf to the lamina; generally is cylindrical or semicircular in form. Also called the stalk.

Phloem
a protective layer made up of tiny tubes that transport the sugars from the leaves to the rest of the tree.

Photosynthesis
the process by which plants make sugar from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

Leaflet
one of the subdivisions of a compound leaf.

Opposite
2 or 3 leaves that are directly across from each other on the same twig.

Ovary
The inner part of carpel or pistil where eggs are borne.

Palmate
having leaflets radiating out from a central point.

Pedicel (Pedicuncle)
the flower stem.

Evergreen
trees with needles or leaves that remain alive and on the tree through the

Fertilization
joining of a sperm to an egg cell. Results in an embryo which triggers development of a seed.

Filaments
thread-like structures that support the anthers out from the flower base.

Heartwood
the inner part of the wood; also called duramen.

Lamina
the wide part of the leaf; also called the leaf blade.

Deciduous
shedding all leaves annually.

Chlorophyll
the green pigment in plants that absorbs energy from sunlight necessary for photosynthesis.

Chloroplast
the organelle in the cytoplasm of plant cells where chlorophyll is stored.

Compound
a leaf whose blade is divided into distinct leaflets.

Conifers
cone-bearing trees where the seeds are present in cones or catkins.

Corolla
the whorl of petals of a flower.

Cambium
layer which forms across and between primary bundles where each year cells in this layer divide and grow. As the cambium divides, wood and bark cells form.

Carotenoids
pigments in plants responsible for yellow and orange colors.

Carpel
the female part of the center whorl of a flower. Also known as the pistil.

Broadleaf
A tree with leaves that are flat and thin and generally shed annually.

Calyx
the outermost whorl of sepals whose job is to protect a developing flower. It is usually green and is what we would recognize as the outside covering of a bud.

Base
where the point at which the leaf is joined to the stem.

Bark
outward covering of the tree.

Alternate
leaves that are staggered or not placed directly across from each other on the twig.

Anthers
sac-like component of a flower where pollen grains are produced. The anthers open to release pollen.

Anthocyanins
pigments in plants responsible for pink and purple colors.

Abscission layer
layer of cells that forms at the base of each leaf petiole where it is attached to the twig when the veins that carry fluids into and out of the leaf gradually close off.