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Knotweed UK - Knotweed glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Knotweed and environment Date & country: 06/04/2012, UK Words: 60

Annual
Plants that complete their entire life-cycle, from seed to reproduction to death, within one year.

Apex
The tip of a plant root or shoot.

Axil
The point on a plant leaf where the upper side of the petiole joins the stem.

Backfill
Material used to refill an excavated area.

Biennial
When the lifecycle of a plant, from germination, flowering to death, occurs in two years.

Blade
Either the whole plant leaf, excluding the petiole, or all parts of the leaf except the midrib.

Contaminated
To be impure or unclean by contact or mixture.

Cordate
Heart-shaped. Used to describe the shape of some plants

Crown
The base of an herbaceous plant where roots or rhizomes and aerial stems or resting buds meet. Also used to describe the top of a tree, including the branches and leaves.

Defra
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. DEFRA (or Defra) is the UK Government department responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England. Concordats set out agreed frameworks for co-operation between it and the other, devolved, administrations of the UK.

Dioecious
Bearing male or female flowers on different plants. This is a way of avoiding self-fertilisation (Japanese knotweed is an example of a dioecious plant species).

Dispersal
The movement of seeds away from the parent plant, e.g. by wind or birds.

Dormant
temporarily inactive: dormant buds; dormant seeds.

Ecology
The study of organisms in relation to their environment.

EPA
Environmental Protection Act

Eradication
act of annihilating, destroying, or erasing; destruction; extermination

Evergreen
A plant (often tree) having green leaves throughout the year.

Flora
The total of plant species in a particular region, country, continent etc.

Foliage
The leaves of a tree or plant, or of many trees or plants.

Geotextile
Permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain.

Germination
The first stage in the growth of a plant seed into a seedling. Germination begins with the seed absorbing water and ends with the production of the first true leaves.

Glabrous
Smooth, hairless. Often used to describe the surface of plant leaves and stems.

Habitat
The place or kind of place in which an organism, or community is found.

Herbicide
A chemical substance used to destroy or inhibit the growth of plants, especially weeds.

Hybrid
A plant resulting from the cross-fertilisation of two different species, subspecies or varieties.

Inflorescence
A plant shoot containing flowers and no leaves.

Integrated
To make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify.

Internode
The space on a plant stem between two nodes.

Invasive
invading, or tending to invade; intrusive.

Lamina
The parts of a leaf on either side of the midrib.

Leaf
A plant organ whose function is photosynthesis and transpiration. Leaves are produced from buds on the stem.

Midrib
The central vein of a leaf.

Native
This refers to a plant that grows in the same habitat in which they originated. Plants can be native to a continent, state, or region.

Node
The point on a plant stem from which a leaf grows.

Opposite
The arrangement of two leaves which arise at the same node, on either side of a plant stem.

Ovule
The unfertilised seed of a plant.

Panicle
A branched flowerhead.

Peduncle
The stalk of a group of flowers.

Perennation
The survival of an individual plant, or of a dormant plant organ, over successive years or during unfavourable seasons.

Perennial
A plant lasting 3 or more seasonal cycles.

Pernicious
Causing insidious harm or ruin; ruinous; injurious; hurtful.

Pesticide
A broad term that refers to any device, method, or chemical that kills plants or animals that compete for humanity's food supply or are otherwise undesirable.

Petal
An often brightly-coloured modified plant leaf, to attract pollinators.

Petiole
The stalk of a leaf, which joins it to a node on the stem.

pH
A measure of the alkalinity or acidity of a medium. Neutral is represented by 7; with lower figures indicating increased acidity and higher figures, increased alkalinity.

Photosynthesis
The manufacture, fuelled by solar energy, of complex organic molecules within the green tissues of plants, from the raw materials, carbon dioxide and water.

Regenerate
to renew or restore (a lost, removed, or injured part).

Rhizomatous
Bearing specialised stems, rooting and shooting from the nodes.

Rhizome
A stem that extends by growing underground, bearing buds that produce aerial shoots and adventitious roots. This is a way of vegetative reproduction and perennation, whereby the extending rhizome eventually develops into groups of new plants.

Riparian
Of or inhabiting a riverbank.

Rosette
Leaves radiating from a single crown, at ground level.

Ruderal
Applied to plants which inhabit old fields, waysides or waste land.

Stamen
The male pollen-producing organ in a flower.

Stem
The main ascending axis of a plant; a stalk or trunk.

Stigma
The pollen accepting organ in a flower.

Tubers
Swollen, fleshy, usually underground stems of a plant, such as the potato, bearing buds from which new plant shoots arise.

Vegetation
Any or all of the plants of an area or a region.

Vein
One of the many lines which can be seen on the surface of a leaf, marketing the position of the vascular bundle.

Weed
A plant considered undesirable, unattractive, or troublesome, especially one growing where it is not wanted.

WQM1
Water Quality Management form used for application of herbicides adjacent to a watercourse