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ENER.G - Sustainable tech glossary Category: Earth and Environment > Energy Date & country: 16/12/2007, UK Words: 102

G59
Recommendations for the connection of embedded generating plant to the DNO's distribution systems and the provision of standby generators

G59
Recommendations for the connection of embedded generating plant to the DNO's distribution systems and the provision of standby generators

Waste residue
The portion of the waste stream ( domestic and commercial ) which cannot currently be recovered or recycled.

Unbalance market
Difference between electricity production and demand.

VuSite
VuSite is a graphical management tool used as part of our Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS). The tool typically displays a site plan upon which real time operating temperatures are shown and allows the user to make adjustment of time setting and temperature setpoints. In addition temperature records can be viewed, normally in the form of a simple graph.

UK Emissions trading Scheme
Based on the international Kyoto Summit on Climate Change agreement, this describes the U.Ks National Emissions Trading scheme designed to reduce a range of greenhouse gases, 80% of which is carbon dioxide.

Total efficiency
Sum of the electrical and thermal efficiency in relation to the fuel consumed

Trigeneration
The absorption chilling unit would use waste heat available from the CHP system in the summer months to provide chilled water. The distributive mains will deliver this and also connect together several new and existing chilled water systems providing improved efficiency in operation resulting in significant electricity savings.

Syn gas
A mixture of light, combustible gases produced by the advanced conversion technology ( gasification or pyrolysis )

TA LUFT
German air quality standard

Stoichiometric
Stoichiometric is often used in thermodynamics to refer to the 'perfect mixture' of a fuel and air.

Standard reference conditions
Standard conditions for ambient air, ambient air pressure, relative humidity, cooling water temperature referred to when defining engine output, fuel consumption etc.

Spark Spread
The difference between electricity price and gas price - can affect the viability of the cogeneration system.

ROCs (UK)
See Renewable Obligation Certificates

Sound pressure level (dB(A))
A-weighted sound pressure level at a certain distance from the source

RMS3
Third Generation Remote Monitoring System to control and monitor Cogeneration / CHP application

Renewables Obligation (UK)
The new Renewables Obligation and associated Renewables (Scotland) Obligation came into force in April 2002 as part of the Utilities Act ( 2000 ). It requires power suppliers to derive from renewables a specified proportion of the electricity they supply to their customers. This starts at 3% in 2003, rising gradually to 10% by 2010. The cost to consumers will be limited by a price cap and the obligation is guaranteed in law until 2027.

Renewable Power Association (RPA)
The Renewable Power Association is a trade association open to all companies supportive of the UK renewable energy industry.

Renewable Obligation Certificates
Renewable Obligation Certificates or ROCs for short is the name given to the digital certificates which holds details of exactly how a unit of electricity was made, by whom and finally who bought and used it. These ROCs are traded separately to the actual electricity itself and work as a bonus premium on top of the price paid for the unit.

REB
Dutch tax on gas and electricity, exemption for CHP

REC's
Regional Electricity Companies

PPP
Public Private Partnership

Pyrolysis
Thermal degradation of waste in the absence of air to produce char, pyrolysis oil and syngas.

PFI
Private Finance Initiative

Peak shaving
Can mean limiting demand to a predetermined level / or eliminating demand charges altogether.

Part L
Part L of the UK Building Regulations deals with the conservation of fuel and power in buildings throughout the UK. It is part of a broad wave of European legislation which seeks to encourage industry-wide adoption of energy efficient practices and waste minimisation techniques. This legislation is only in its infancy, however it is already having a significant impact on the local building industry

OPTIMA (Dutch DEP)
Discount Energy Purchase operated by ENER·G NEDALO

Parallel grid mode
This is where the Cogeneration unit runs in parallel with the grid

NOx
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) act as indirect greenhouse gases by producing the tropospheric greenhouse gas 'ozone' during their breakdown in the atmosphere.

Netmail
NETmail automatically decodes e-mail messages from our NETcaretaker equipped sites. Messages contain archive data which is automatically stored and exception reporting that requires immediate action. NETmail automatically flags key issues to both operators and customers and in some instances takes automated corrective action. In addition NETmail will also calculate the energy impact of parameter changes such as temperature setpoints and plant operating hours.

MWh
Mega Watt Hour

Netcaretaker
Part of our Building Energy Management System (BEMS), NETcaretaker automatically looks after your site. It constantly monitors system performance and records any changes made to the BEMS. Using the power of the Internet, NETcaretaker sends e-mailed reports twice daily and immediately on parameter change to our dedicated support centre where these are decoded and handled by NETmail and our team of energy consultants.

MTHW
Medium Temperature Hot Water

MSW (Municipal Solid Waste)
The EPA (1998c) defined municipal solid waste as 'a subset of solid waste and as durable goods (e.g., appliances, tyres, batteries), non-durable goods (e.g., newspapers, books, magazines), containers and packaging, food wastes, yard trimmings, and miscellaneous organic wastes from residential, commercial and industrial non-process sources (p. II-2)

Motor management system
Monitoring and control system for gas engine enabling safe and efficient operation

LTHW
Low Temperature Hot Water

MEP
Dutch subsidy on electricity generated

LPHW
Low Pressure Hot Water

LECs (UK)
See Levy Exemption Certificates

Levy Exemption Certificates (UK)
Organisations that pay the CCL can enter into agreements with suppliers to purchase renewable electricity. The Levy Exemption Certificates (LECs) are evidence of CCL exempt electricity supply generated from qualifying renewable sources. LECs will be redeemed by suppliers to HM Customs and Excise to demonstrate the amount of non-climate change electricity able to be levied that had been supplied to non-domestic customers in the given period.

Lean burn
Lean-burn is the ability to ignite air and fuel mixtures that contain higher amounts of air than normally used.

Landfill Gas Generators
Utilising landfill gas to fuel a generator

Landfill Sites
A landfill is a carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which rubbish is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, soil). Landfills are not designed to break down waste, merely to bury it. The modern landfill offers much more protection for the environment and for local people than traditional dumps did. Problems with odours, litter, vermin, etc., are greatly reduced by the careful management of the site.

Kyoto Accord
Agreed in Japan 1997 targets 'carbon-rich' gases and commits 38 industrialised countries to emissions cut of 5.2% by 2010

Landfill Gas
Municipal solid waste contains significant portions of organic materials that produce a variety of gaseous products when dumped, compacted, and covered in landfills. Anaerobic bacteria thrives in the oxygen-free environment, resulting in the decomposition of the organic materials and the production of primarily carbon dioxide and methane. Landfill gas consists of 50-60% methane and 35-40% carbon dioxide

kWh
Kilo Watt Hour

ISO14001
ISO 14000 is a series of international standards on environmental management. It provides a framework for the development of an environmental management system and the supporting audit programme. The main thrust for its development came as a result of the Rio Summit on the Environment held in 1992.

Island mode - Standby Cogeneration
Ability of the Cogeneration unit to operate independently from the grid

HTHW
High Temperature Hot Water

HVAC
Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning

Heat Rate
Energy input per unit of time, usually expressed in kWh\h or BTU\h

GWh
Giga Watt Hour

GSM
Global System for Mobile communications, the second generation digital technology originally developed for Europe but which now has in excess of 71 per cent of the world market. Initially developed for operation in the 900MHz band and subsequently modified for the 850, 1800 and 1900MHz bands. GSM originally stood for Groupe Speciale Mobile, the CEPT committee which began the GSM standardisation process

Green Certificates
Customers can buy green certificates whether or not they have access to green power through their local utility or a competitive electricity marketer. And they can purchase green certificates without having to switch electricity suppliers. See also Renewable Energy Certificates.

GPRS
The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a new nonvoice value added service that allows information to be sent and received across a mobile telephone network. GPRS has several unique features which can be summarized as: Speed, Immediacy, Better Applications, Service Access

Gasification
Breakdown of hydrocarbons into a syngas by carefully controlling the amount of oxygen present.

Global warming
A rise in global temperatures threatening wildlife and its habitat, often attributed to the burning of fossil fuels

Feasibility Studies
Carried out free of charge by the ENER·G Group to determine the viability of our technologies in a particular application

Fossil Fuels
Coal, Oil and Gas are called 'fossil fuels' because they have been formed from the fossilised remains of prehistoric plants and animals. They provide around 66% of the world's electrical power, and 95% of the world's total energy demands (including heating, transport, electricity generation and other uses).

ESPC
See Energy Services Performance Contracting

Environment Agency
The leading public body for protecting and improving the environment in England and Wales

Enhanced Capital Allowances
Capital allowances on plant and machinery are generally given at 25% a year on a reducing balance basis. However, with ECAs, businesses can write off 100% of the cost of energy saving equipment against their taxable profits within the first year of investment. Businesses claim the allowance on their income tax or corporation tax returns.

Energy Technology List
Only investment in products approved for the Energy Technology List can qualify for an ECA claim. Those organisations who are not eligible to make ECA claims can still benefit from ongoing energy savings by using the Energy Technology List as a procurement tool.

Energy From waste
Energy recovery of post recycling waste residue - an alternative to landfill.

EIA
Dutch tax energy investment deduction

Electrical efficiency
Electrical output in relation to fuel input

ECA
See Enhanced Capital Allowances

EEBA
Energy & Environmental Building Association - promotes the awareness, education and development of energy efficient, environmentally responsible buildings and communities.

Dual fuel
When a Cogeneration unit is enable to operate on two fuels

DNO
District Network Operator

DEP
See Discount Energy Purchase

Discount Energy Purchase
Cogeneration technology supplied, installed and maintained by the ENER·G Group with no capital cost incurred to the client. The energy produced from the unit is then sold at a discounted rate to the client.

Combined Heat and Power
Also referred to as Cogeneration - On site generation of electricity, heat and/or cooling for the public and private sector

Cogeneration
Also referred to as Combined Heat and Power and CHP - On site generation of electricity, heat and/or cooling for the public and private sector

Coal Mine Methane
Methane continues to emit from the coal mine after closure, and recently the concept of collecting the gas from abandoned mines to provide an energy source which would otherwise be waste has been developed.

Coal Bed Methane
Methane which is still locked into the vast reserves of coal and coal measures strata that remain unworked. The concept of this is referred to as Coal Bed Methane (CBM) since it involves directly drilling into unworked coal and coal measures strata to release the methane locked within it rather than utilising methane released as a result of mining activities.

CO2 fertilising
Dosing of CO2 gases into a greenhouse to support growth. One attractive mean is to use the cleaned exhaust gases using a selective catalytic reductor from a CHP unit for this.

CO
Carbon Monoxide

CO2
Carbon Dioxide - odourless gas which is harmful to the environment

Climate Change Levy
The Climate Change Levy is a tax on energy use in industry, commerce, agriculture and the public sector.

CHPQA
The CHPQA programme is carried out on behalf of the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. CHPQA provides the means to assess and monitor Good Quality CHP Capacity, for CCL exemption.

CHP
See Cogeneration

CHPA
The Combined Heat and Power Association works to promote the wider use of combined heat and power and community heating. Clean and efficient Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is already in use on close to 1,400 locations around the UK.

Catalyst
A catalyst provides a means to further reduce exhaust emissions for NOx and CO.

CCL
See Climate Change Levy

Carbon Trust
The Carbon Trust works with UK business and public sector to cut emissions of carbon dioxide, and reduce climate change. An independent, not-for-profit company set up and funded by the government to help the UK meet its international climate change obligations; the Carbon Trust creates practical solutions to help businesses cut their emissions, bringing both business and environmental benefits.

Carbon Trading
The UK Emissions Trading Scheme, launched in April 2002, is the world's first economy-wide national-level greenhouse gas trading scheme. Emissions trading is designed to allow businesses to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases in the most ec

Carbon Credits
Carbon credits are created when a project reduces or avoids the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The carbon credits are measured against a baseline.

Calorific value
Amount of heat generated by a given mass of fuel when it is completely burned. It is measured in joules per kilogram.

Building Management Systems
Controls associated with space heating , air conditioning, hot water service and lighting in buildings.

BMS
Building Management Systems

Bottom Ash
An inert ash produced from the treatment of MSW

Biomass
Biomass, also known as biofuels or bioenergy, is obtained from organic matter either directly from plants or indirectly from industrial, commercial, domestic or agricultural products. The use of biomass is classed as a 'carbon neutral' process because the carbon dioxide released during the generation of energy from biomass is balanced by that absorbed by plants during their growth.

Best Available Technology
Best Available Technology - which is economically achievable

Biogas
Biogas is generated when bacteria degrades biological material in the absence of oxygen, in a process known as anaerobic digestion. Since biogas is a mixture of methane (also known as marsh gas or natural gas) and carbon dioxide it is a renewable fuel produced from waste treatment.

BAT
See Best Available Technology

BEMS
Building Energy Management Systems

APX
Amsterdam Power Exchange

Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that produces a gas principally composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) otherwise known as biogas. These gases are produced from organic wastes such as livestock manure, food processing waste, etc.

Advanced Conversion Technology
New and developing thermal processes, such as gasification and pyrolysis, which can be utilised to dispose of MSW