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Rare Spark - Commuter and transport index Category: Travel and Transportation Date & country: 15/11/2007, UK Words: 35

Agenda 21
Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organisations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every area in which human impacts on the environment. Further information click here.

Carshare
Two or more individuals sharing their journey by car. Also known as Carpool

Commuter
An individual who commutes to and from their place of work

Commuting
The process by which individuals travel to and from their home and their place of work.

Congestion
The restriction of traffic flow due to the volume of vehicles using an urban area or other part of the road network.

Congestion Charging
Fee charged to vehicle users for taking their vehicle into a restricted area. Congestion charging may be implemented with a view to discouraging vehicle use within a certain area therefore reducing congestion.

Department for Transport (DfT)
The department of the government in the UK responsible for developing transport policy on a national level. DfT Website

GPS (Global Positioning System)
Using a series of satellites in orbit around the earth it is possible to determine the exact location of a GPS receiver. The GPS system is used in the implementation of in car satellite navigation.

Green Travel
An all encompassing term for any mode of transport with limited or no environmental impact.

Highways Agency
The executive agency of the Department for Transport which is responsible for the development, maintenance and operation of Motorways and Trunk Roads in the UK. Highways Agency Website

Integrated transport
The integration of transport modes in order to provide easier interchange between modes of transport and therefore making it easier for the passenger.

Interchanges
The locations were transport modes meet and passengers can change modes or services.

Light Rail
Mass transit system which is segregated from other traffic for the majority of its route. Unlike trams which merge with traffic for the majority of their route.

Local Authority
Regional government responsible for the implementation of national and local government policy on a variety of civil issues.

Local Transport Plan
A Transport Policy document for a defined area.

Mass Transit System
The means of moving large numbers of passengers over short to medium distances by the most efficient means possible.

Modal Shift
The change in modal split over a period of time.

Modal Split
The proportion of individuals who use each mode of transport as part of their journey. Usually measured by means of a survey, each mode is shown as a percentage, the modal split is usually illustrated as a pie chart.

Motorway
Major distribution roads providing a network for vehicle travel through the UK.

Multi-Modal Study
Government studies undertaken in specific areas to measure current transport trends and investigate future development and solutions to various transport related issues.

Network Rail
The company that operates, maintains and renews Britain's rail infrastructure. Network Rail Website

Park and Rail
Remote parking for visitors to a specific location, trains are used to transport visitor for the final leg of their journey.

Park and Ride
Remote parking for visitors to a specific location, shuttle buses are used to transport visitor for the final leg of their journey. Often used in towns and cities to reduce the number of vehicles entering the area whilst maintaining the number of visitors.

Pollution
The undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities

Public Transport
Any form of transportation which is not personally owned by the user i.e. bus, train & light rail

Section 106 Agreements
Section 106 Agreements can be used to add conditions to development where it is not appropriate to use a condition in the planning permission. They also enable the Local Authority to secure provision or improvement of existing infrastructure necessary to meet the needs of the occupiers or users of new development. This is done by way of land or finance contributions

Strategic Rail Authority (SRA)
The organisation responsible for the strategic management of railways in the UK. The SRA manages the operating companies which run regional rail services. SRA Website

Sustainable Transport
Modes of transport which have limited or no environmental impact.

Toll Roads
Sections of road which may be used by drivers for a fee.

Traffic Calming
Physical measures which are designed to reduce traffic speed in urban and residential areas.

Trams
Mass transit system which is not segregated from other traffic for the majority of its route. Unlike light rail systems which are segregated from traffic for the majority of their route.

Transport for London (TfL)
TfL is the integrated body responsible for the capital's transport system. Its role is to implement the Mayor's Transport Strategy for London and manage the transport services across the capital for which the Mayor has responsibility. TfL Website

Travel Behaviour
Individual travel habits such as selection of mode used for a particular journey.

Travel Plan
A series of initiates which are researched and developed by an organisation to change or maintain its modal split over a period of time.

Workplace Parking Charges
A means of charging organisations and individuals for parking vehicles at a place of work.