1) Western plate armour 
A pauldron (sometimes spelled pouldron or powldron) is a component of plate armor, which evolved from spaulders in the 15th century. As with spaulders, pauldrons cover the shoulder area. Pauldrons tend to be larger than spaulders, covering the armpit, and sometimes parts of the back and chest. A pauldron typically consists of a single large dome-s...
shoulder-plate of suit of armour
• (n.) A piece of armor covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece.
See armour.
Paul'dron noun [ See Powldron .] (Mil. Antiq.) A piece of armor covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece. 
A pauldron was a piece of armour covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece.
Plate defence for the shoulder with wings extending over the cuirass at front and rear.