Copy of `Builder Bill - Glossary of building`

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Builder Bill - Glossary of building Category: Architecture and Buildings > Building Date & country: 24/09/2013, AU Words: 115

Abutment
The general mass of masonry that supports one end of the arch. In bridge building it is also the part that meets the roadway, and it is also the base part of bridge piers,;

Accolade
In architecture, an ornamental treatment over an opening consisting of ogee curves. Mostly over an arched window or door. ;

Arcade
In Architecture. A succession of arches sat on columns each thrusting on it's neighbour. A covered walkway bounded by such arches.;

Arch
A group of masonry units that span an opening. ;

Arch Bar
A piece of flat steel or angle iron that supports brickwork in a straight span.;

Arched Corbel Table
A wide projecting masonry ledge supported by as series of corbels that are connected by arches. ;

Archivolt
An architrave that continues around an arched opening following the curve of the arch.;

Ashlar Masonry
Masonry composed of rectangular units. Accurately cut, squared and dressed. Laid on a mortar bed. ;

Backup Wall
A main structural wall to which the veneer stonework is fixed.;

Basket Weave Bond
A pattern made up of pairs of bricks placed in a square grid.;

Bell Arch
A Roman arch sat on corbels that are imposts.;

Bond
In masonry, and in particular brickwork, one of a number of methods of overlapping bricks usually in a regular and recognisable pattern, to increase the strength and appearance of brickwork.;

Bond Stone
A larger stone laid in the backup wall that projects into the veneer layer to bond the veneer to the backup wall.;

Book Matching
Veneer slabs cut and assembled so that one slab will match the other. As in the opened pages of a book.;

Brick
A manufactured man-made masonry unit typically of a small enough size to be held and laid by one hand. Traditionally formed from plastic clay and then subjected to heat in a kiln. Modern bricks can be of other materials and solid or hollow.;

Brick Closures
Various cut bricks usually at the ends of walls or reveals used to finish off the wall. Also called Closers.

Brick Corbel
A step or a series of steps making the brickwork project farther out from it's original face.;

Bricklayer - Bricklaying
A person who lays bricks. The trade of bricklaying is a manual skill that has been acquired traditionally by serving a period of apprenticeship until qualified. ;

Bricklayers Hammer
A hammer usually with a square head and with an opposing chisel for cutting bricks and stone.;

Brickwork
Walls and other structures made from bricks.;

Bullseye
A round or oval aperture. Often containing a window.;

Bullseye Arch
Also called a circular arch. Much used for windows.;

Buttress
An external masonry mass set against or built into a masonry wall to resist forces at right angles (lateral) to the wall. For example the outward thrust of a roof.;

Cams
In masonry: Vertical stones fixed at the top of walls in sheep grazing areas to stop sheep jumping the wall.;

Cavity Ties
Pressed metal, wire or plastic ties that are used to tie the separate wall sections or wythes together in cavity brick wall construction.;

Cavity Wall
Two wythes of masonry, usually brickwork used as an external wall. The wall cavity provides thermal insulation and a moisture barrier.;

Common Bond
In brickwork, similar to stretcher bond but with a row of headers inserted every few courses. Also called American Bond and English Garden Wall Bond;

Coping
A capping layer on top of masonry to protect it and to shed water. Can be many materials including brick, stone, slate, ceramic tiles etc.;

Coping Stone
Also called just coping, a capping stone. A masonry cover to the top of a wall or pillar etc.;

Corbel
A masonry unit that projects out from the face of a wall, chimney or pillar. Or a series of such steps used to support an overhanging member;

Corbel Course
A masonry course corbelled out that forms a continuous ledge. ;

Corbel Table
A projecting masonry ledge or string course supported by corbels. ;

Coursed Ashlar
Ashlar work that is laid in courses that may vary in height.;

Coursed Squared Rubble
Stonework where the blocks have been squared and brought to regular horizontal courses. The courses can be different heights.;

Crown
The top section of a curved arch (or road camber etc).;

Diagonal Buttress
A buttress at an external corner set at 135 degrees to each wall face to take outward thrust from both walls.;

Dressed Stonework
Stonework that has worked to shape with the faces that are seen brought to a smooth finish.;

Drop Arch
A Gothic or pointed arch with the radii of the arcs less than the span.;

Dry Stone Wall
Stonework where the stones are laid dry with no mortar joint. The term chiefly refers to walls in rural areas that perform the function of a wall using natural rocks from the adjacent land, thus helping to also clear the land for other use. ;

Elliptical Arch
An arch based on the ellipse form;

English Bond Brickwork
A brickwork bond that derived in England. It consists of alternating rows of headers and stretchers.;

Equilateral Arch
A Gothic or pointed arch based on an equilateral triangle.;

Extrados
A construction line denoting outer limit of the arch. It is used in the setting out.;

Facestones
The smaller stones on each face of thick walls.;

Feathers and Wedges
Tools for splitting stone. A series of holes are drilled along a line and iron feathers are inserted. Then iron wedges are driven between them splitting the rock along the line. Also called plugs and feathers.;

Feature Brickwork
Brickwork that can be structural or purely decorative, but intended to stand out from the rest. To create an impression;

Fieldstones
Stones loose on the ground, not from a quarry.;

Flare Headers - Stretchers
In brickwork, bricks that are of a different colour than the main, used to pick out patterns.;

Flat Arch
Also called a Jack Arch. A straight arch along the springing line with a flat Intrados. The masonry units are laid out as Voussoirs angled to a centre below the arch. ;

Flemish Bond
In brickwork a bond consisting of alternate headers and stretchers in each course. Each header being centred on the stretcher above and below.;

Flemish Garden Wall Bond
A brick bond for lightly loaded walls that consists of alternating three stretchers and a header. Staggered every course. ;

Flint Walls
Extremely hard and durable walls out of flint stone, using nodules or rocks of flint that have been knapped to give a decorative face. .;

Flying Buttress
An iconic feature of Gothic masonry. An arched brace that transmits the lateral forces from a roof or vaulted ceiling to a masonry buttress;

Freestone
Fine-grained sandstones or limestones that can be readily worked in any direction. ;

French Arch
A flat arch that uses parallel sided voussoirs.;

Frog
An indentation in the bottom surface of a brick.;

Gothic Arch
A pointed arch based on two segments of a circle, usually of the same radius.;

Haunch
The first few voussoirs up from the springing line. ;

Header
A masonry unit that is seen end on.;

Herringbone Bond
A decorative brick pattern used in brick paving and walls. The bricks are laid in alternating rows at 45 degrees to each other.;

Impost
The masonry piece that one end of the arch sits on.;

Intrados
A construction line denoting inside limit of the arch. It is used in the setting out. Not be be confused with the soffit which is a surface.;

Islamic Arches
A type of arch that is based on arcs of circles that has the centreline of the circle(s) higher than the springing line, making the body of the arch wider than the narrowest part of the opening.;

Jumper or Riser
Large blocks that that are two or three times larger than the smallest ones. They rise above and s break the course lines.;

Keystone
In stonework the keystone is a central voussoir that is quite often decorated in some way. When the arch is being built it is always built up evenly from side to side and the last stone placed is the keystone.;

Lakeland Stone
A type slate stone and the stonework and stone walling that it produces that is particular to the English Lake District.;

Lancet Arch
A Gothic or pointed arch having a rise of greater than the span. A narrow pointed arch.;

Lath and Plaster
An old method of plastering mostly internal walls and ceilings using a lime putty and closely spaced timber laths.;

Mason's Mallet
Traditionally made out of beech, mason's mallets can now come in plastics and stone. The shape is conical.;

Masonry
The craft of making building walls, bridges and buildings out of stone, brick or other modern building block systems.;

Masonry Axes
Heavy one and two handed axes for rough dressing of stonework;

Masonry Buttress
An external masonry mass set against or built into a masonry wall to resist forces at right angles (lateral) to the wall. For example the outward thrust of a roof.;

Masonry Cockscomb
A wooden hand tool with a few serrated metal cutters for surfacing soft stone.;

Masonry Tools
The tools of the craft of masonry.;

Medieval Masonry
Masonry of the middle ages. Roughly between the 5th and 15th centuries AD;

Millstone
A shaped stone used by millers to grind various grains in the production of flour.;

Millstone Grit
A sharp sandstone rock found in the UK and used for grinding flour and for for sandstone grinding wheels. ;

Monk Bond
A variant of Flemish bond, but with the header centred over the joint between two stretchers.;

Monument
A building or structure, a stone, pillar or megalith erected in memory of a dead person or of a past event.;

Monumental Mason
A mason who specialises in making monuments.;

Ogee Arch
a double curved arch changing from convex to concave circular arcs.;

Parging, Pargeting
A coat, or the application of a coat, of cement render or lime mortar to the surface of stone masonry or brickwork, to improve the appearance or to waterproof it.;

Pavement Mason
A mason who specialises in laying stone or brick pavements. The term is slipping out except in restoration and heritage work of use with most of the modern pavement work being done by concreters.;

Perpend
In masonry the vertical joints. From perpendicular. Commonly called Perps;

Pitching Chisel
A stonemason's steel chisel, in between a bolster and a cold chisel in width and with a single bevel.;

Plaster Quoins
Plastered ends to stone or brick walls in imitation of large dressed stones.;

Porcellanite
A hard and dense rock that is a variety of chert that often contains clay and calcareous matter. Also spelled Porcelanite.;

Raking Stretcher Bond
Similar to stretcher or running bond but the overlap of the bricks is less than half a brick. Usually a third or a quarter. ;

Random Ashlar
Squared or rectangular stones not cut or laid in any particular pattern. ;

Rear Arch
Also known as Arriere-Voussure. A rear vault or arch behind the face of a wall. An arch in a thick wall that carries part of the thickness of the wall, particularly one over a window or door frame.;

Relieving Arch
An arch designed to take the weight of masonry above it off another arch or lintel.;

Reveal
The side faces of an opening in a masonry wall.;

Rowlock
A brick on edge showing it's end on the face of the wall. Also called a Rollock;

Scutching Chisels
Hand or machine operated chisels that can receive scutching combs for dressing masonry.;

Scutching Combs
Hardened steel masonry cutters that are fitted into hammers and chisels. They come in 35mm or 50mm widths. ;

Scutching Hammer
A brick or masonry hammer that is slotted to take scutching combs;

Segmental Arch
An arch that has a curve formed from a segment of a circle. Sometimes called a circular arch.;

Semicircular Arch
Also known as the Roman Arch. based on half of a circle. ;

Skewback
The angled abutment of a flat or segmental arch.;

Sneck
Small blocks that make up the differences in between larger blocks in rubble stonework.;