Copy of `Department of radiology - Radiological info`

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Department of radiology - Radiological info Category: Health and Medicine > Radiology Date & country: 25/01/2011, USA Words: 417

abdominal aorta
The continuation into the abdomen of the thoracic aorta, which divides into the two common iliac arteries.

abducted
A movement away from the medial plane (see also ADDUCTED) Vocal Cords ABDUCTED (tomograms).

acetabulum
A large cup-shaped cavity that is the point of articulation between the femur and the os coxae of the pelvis.

acromioclavicular joint
The articulation between the acromion process and clavicle.

acromion process
The lateral extension of the spine of the scapula. (from the Greek "acros", literally the "end" or the "top" - like the "acropolis" in Athens, the "top" of the city)

additus ad antrum
The mastoid air spaces connecting the mastoid antrum with the epitympanic recess.

adducted (adductor magnus)
A movement toward the midline. The ADDUCTOR MAGNUS muscle moves the leg toward the medial plane.

adrenal gland
The gland located superior to the kidney which is responsible for the production of epinephrine. ("epi" - above + "nephros" - kidney)

aneurysm
The dilation of the wall of an artery, vein, or the heart, that forms a sac-like structure.

angle of louis
The point of junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

anterior arch (c1)
The curved structure located at the forward part of the atlas (ventral side of body).

anterior clinoid process
The bony process located on the medial end of the posterior border of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

anterior rib
The portion of the rib locted on the ventral side of the body.

anterior tibial artery
Artery originating from the popliteal artery and branching into the posterior and anterior tibial recurrent, and lateral and medial anterior malleolar arteries, and lateral and medial malleolar retes.

anterior urethra
The part of the male urethra that extends from the bulb to the meatus of the glands penis.

antrum
A cavity or chamber.

antrum of stomach
The dilated portion of the pyloric region of the stomach.

aorta
The main trunk of the arterial system which originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends to the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra.

aortic arch
The portion of the aorta which bends over inorder to extend into the thorax.

aortic bifurcation
The point where the abdominal aorta divides into the two common iliac arteries.

aortic sinus
Dilations of the aortic wall superior to each valve.

ap view
A front to back view of the body.

apex of heart
The bottom most portion of the heart, formed by the left ventricle.

appendix
(Veriform appendix) appendage of the cecum.

arteriogram
A radiograph of arteries after they have been injected with a contrast material.

arthrogram
A roentgenographic record of a joint after the introduction of contrast material.

articular cartilage
Usually hyaline, located on the articular surfaces of bones within a synovial joint.

articular fossa
A hollow of depressed area within a joint.

articular surface
The surfaces of bone or cartilage which form a joint.

arytenoid cartilage
Paired cartilage of the larynx which articulates with the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.

ascending aorta
The portion of the aorta that originates from the left ventricle and gives rise to the right and left coronary arteries.

ascending colon
The part of the colon that lies between the cecum and the right colic flexure.

atrial appendage
The ear-shaped appendage of either atrium of the heart.

av groove
A groove on the surface of the heart which separates the atria from the ventricles.

axillary vein
The continuation of the basilic vein which ends at the lateral border of the first rib, becoming the subclavian vein.

azygous arch
The point where the azygous vein arches over the root of the right lung to empty into the superior vena cava.

azygous vein
The vein wich connects the superior and inferior venae cavae.

barium enema
The use of a radiopaque barium suspension in a roentgenologic examination to image the colon, and define the anatomy of the large intestine and rectum.

basilar artery
The artery that originates from the junction of the two (L & R) vertebral arteries (VA) and runs along the dorsal clivus (base of the skull), anterior to the brainstem, before dividing in a terminal bifurcation into the two posterior cerebral arteries (PCA).

bifurcation
The point where a structure divides into two branches.

bladder
The musculomembraneous sac used for urine collection from the kidneys (via the ureters) and discharge through the urethra.

body of pancreas
The mid portion of the pancreas. The pancreas has both endocrine ("internal") and exocrine ("external") glands, including the islets of Langerhans - cell clusters that produce insulin and the pancreatic acini that secrete pancreatic digestive juices.

body of sternum
The portion of the sternum between the angle of Louis and the xiphoid process.

brachiocephalic trunk (innominate)
The first branch of the arch of the aorta which further divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. ("innominate" - literally "nameless")

brachiocephalic vein
Two veins formed at the root of the neck from the union of the ipsilateral internal jugular vein (IJV) and the subclavian veins. The two brachiocepalic veins later combine to form the superior vena cava (SVC).

bronchus intermedius
The segment of right bronchus between the origin of the upper lobe bronchus (of the lung) and the bifurcation into the middle and lower lobes.

calcaneus
The "heel bone" of the foot, located at the back of the tarsus.

cardiophrenic angle
The angle formed by the heart ("cardio") and the diaphragm ("phrenic") - usually refers to pleural space or a region on the frontal chest film.

carina (trachea)
A ridge at the tracheal bifurcation, formed by the last tracheal cartilage that runs anteroposteriorly between the orifices of the two main bronchi. (from "carina" - the "v" shape of the bottom of a boat)

carotid bifurcation
The point of division of the common carotid arteries into the internal and external carotid arteries.

catheter
A tubular and flexible surgical instrument used to remove fluids from, and introduce fluids into, a cavity of the body.

cauda equina
The group of spinal roots which descend from the inferior portion of the spinal cord. (literally "horse's tail")

caudate nucleus
Part of the "deep gray matter", this group of neurons helps control coordinated limb movements. The caudate is part of the "basal ganglia" and "corpus striatum".

cecum
The first portion of the large intestine. Like a "blind pouch", it extends below the "ileocecal valve" - where the small intestine (ileum) joins the colon.

celiac artery
The artery which originates from the abdominal aorta and divides into the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

cephalic vein
Originates from the dorsal venous arch in the hand and joins the axillary vein.

cerebellar tonsil
A paramedian portion of the cerebellum that is continuous with the uvula of vermis that forms part of the candal lobe of the cerebellar hemisphere.

cerebellum
The portion of the metencephalon which occupies the posterior cranial fossa, and is responsible for the coordination of movements.

cerebral hemisphere
Pair of rounded structures on either side of the midline of the brain that are partially separated by the longitudinal (interhemispheric) cerebral fissure.

cervical spine
Vertebral column of the neck.

cervix
The lower end portion of the uterus connecting the isthmus and the ostium uteri with the vaginal canal.

choroid
The vascular membrane between the sclera and the retina of the eye, that extends from the ora serrata to the optic nerve.

choroid plexus
A highly vascular secretory tissue, found within the ventricular system of the brain, responsible for secreting CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).

circle of willis
The polygonal (hexagon/pentagon) anastomosis that is made up of the internal carotid, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, the anterior communicating artery, and the posterior communicating arteries - all in the region of the suprasellar cistern.

cisterna chyli
The dilated protion of the thoracic duct (a lymphatic channel) in the lumbar region that recieves fluid from the intestinal, lumbar, and descending intercostal lymph vessels.

clavicle
The "collar bone". A curved bone which articulates medially with the sternum and laterall with the scapula, forming the anterior portion of the shoulder girdle.

clivus
A triangular bone, that slopes upward from the foramen magnum to the dorsum sellae, in the posterior cranial fossa. ( clivus = "wedge" or "slide")

coccyx
The "tail bone" - a caudal extremity of the vertebral column formed by the fussion of four rudimentary vertebrae.

cochlea
A spiral bone tube of the inner ear, which lies against the lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus. The cochlea ("snail") contains the auditory sensory structure.

communicating veins
Veins found in the thigh, lower leg, and foot that connect superficial and deep veins.

coracoid process
A projection of bone that originates from the upper part of the neck of the scapula and overhangs the shoulder joint.

coronal view
Longitudinal section passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, in a "frontal" orientation.

coronary arteries
The arteries which originate from the root of the ascending aorta and supply the cardiac musckle of the atria and ventricles with blood.

coronary sinus
The end portion of the cardiac vein which empties into the right atrium.

corpus collosum
A large bundle of white matter, found in the longitudinal fissure, forming a "commissure" by interconnecting the two cerebral hemispheres.

cortex
The outer layer of a body or organ structure. (Like the "cortex" of the kidney or brain.)

costophrenic angle
Point of junction between the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae.

costophrenic sulcus (recess)
The space, or potential space, between the ribs ("costo-") of the lateral chest wall and the diagphragm ("phrenic").

cranial nerves(7/8)
The twelve pairs of "nerves" that are directly connected to the brain. They are the nervi olfactorii(I), opticus(II), oculomotorius(III), trochlearis(IV), trigeminus(V), abducens(VI), facialis(VII),vestibulocochlearis(VIII),glossopharyngeus(IX), vagus(X), accessorius(XI),and hypoglossus(XIII). The olfactory "nerve" and the optic "nerve" are actual...

cricoid cartilage
The cartilage that forms the lower and back portion of the larynx, just above the trachea.

crista galli
The ridge (rooster's comb) that projects upward from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and is attached to the inferior margin of the falx cerebri.

cruciate ligaments
The "cross-shaped" ligaments situated in the knee joint between the femoral condyles and the proximal tibia (tibial spines) that form a cross-shaped structure.

crus of diaphragm
The fibromuscular bands originating from the upper three or four lumbar vertebrae and inserting into the central tendon of the diaphragm.

ct
Computerized tomography. An imaging device that uses computation to produce an image from multiple individual measurements.

cuboid
A cube-shaped bone in the foot.

cul-de-sac
A blind pouch.

cuneiforms
A wedged-shaped bone in the foot.

cystic duct
The connection between the neck of the gallbladder and the common bile duct.

cystogram
A radiograph of the bladder opacified (filled by contrast).

deep lymph nodes
Small masses of lymphatic tissue that connect lymph vessels in the deep fascia.

descending aorta
The protion of the aorta from the arch to its division in the abdomen into the common iliac arteries.

descending colon
The part of the colon between the left colic flexure ("splenic flexure") and the sigmoid colon (at the pelvic brim).

diaphragm
The musculomembrane separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities of the body. Major inspiratory muscle. (also the source of "fajitas" - aka "skirt steak")

diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone between the two "metaphyses"; tube of compact bone surrounding the marrow cavity.

diploic space
The medullary space between the inner and outer tables of the flat calvarial bones, composed of cancellous bone and bone marrow.

dorsalis pedis artery
The continuation of the anterior tibial artery, that branches into the lateral and medial tarsal, arcuate, and deep plantar arteries.

dorsum sellae
The posterior bone margin of the pituitary fossa, that is the superior limit of the sphenoid bone. The dorsum sellae forms the boundary between the middle and posterior cranial fossae in the midline.

duodenal bulb
The portion of the duodenum that forms the superior flexure with the pylorus.

endocervical canal
The portion of the uterine cavity that lies within the cervix - the passage that connects the vaginal canal with the main uterine cavity (lumen).

endotracheal tube
An airway catheter that is inserted into the trachea.